Waste minimization study in a solvent-based paint manufacturing plant

Solvent-based paint manufacturing plants produce significant quantities of hazardous waste, which must be properly treated before it can be disposed. Since the cost for treating this waste is high, reducing the quantity of waste has become a crucial issue in this industry.Waste minimization options are beneficial for the owner of the plant as well as for the environment. The quantity of hazardous waste can be minimized by changing the plant's technology or by substituting hazardous substances, which are used in the paint manufacturing process, with environmentally friendly ones. Furthermore, separating the various waste streams makes it easier to recover raw materials and enhances the possibility of their reuse within the production process. This will decrease operational costs for the plant.This paper presents a case study of waste minimization in a solvent-based paint manufacturing plant. Source reduction, recovery, and recycling methods are taken into consideration. Its aim is to develop an understanding of the facility's waste generating processes, to suggest ways to reduce the waste production, and finally to select an appropriate waste minimization option to suggest to the plant. Some of the suggested methods are currently being practiced while others are at initial stage of development.     

An economic modelling approach to the design and delivery of sustainable waste minimisation clubs: Prospects in the new policy framework

Since the early 1990s, waste minimisation clubs have been important sources of information for industry in the UK on clean technology and sustainable waste management practice. Despite this contribution, concern has grown about the declining number of clubs, their performance and the likelihood that they will continue to play a key role in national policy.This paper examines the evidence available and provides estimates of how the numbers varied in England since the first clubs were formed. The results presented indicate that, after initial expansion, numbers went into decline. The paper then explores, using economic theory, why this pattern should have developed and suggests it to be a function of how clubs were designed and managed. The results of the analysis are used to propose alterations in how future clubs could be designed so that they continue to contribute effectively to the development of sustainable waste management in UK industry. These lessons are of value to policy in both the UK and other countries considering the development of this important tool of waste strategy. The paper concludes with a number of suggestions for future research.     

A process model to estimate the cost of industrial scale biodiesel production from waste cooking oil by supercritical transesterification

This paper describes the conceptual design of a production process in which waste cooking oil is converted via supercritical transesterification with methanol to methyl esters (biodiesel).Since waste cooking oil contains water and free fatty acids, supercritical transesterification offers great advantage to eliminate the pre-treatment capital and operating cost.A supercritical transesterification process for biodiesel continuous production from waste cooking oil has been studied for three plant capacities (125,000; 80,000 and 8000 tonnes biodiesel/year). It can be concluded that biodiesel by supercritical transesterification can be scaled up resulting high purity of methyl esters (99.8%) and almost pure glycerol (96.4%) attained as by-product.The economic assessment of the biodiesel plant shows that biodiesel can be sold at US$ 0.17/l (125,000 tonnes/year), US$ 0.24/l (80,000 tonnes/year) and US$ 0.52/l for the smallest capacity (8000 tonnes/year).The sensitive key factors for the economic feasibility of the plant are: raw material price, plant capacity, glycerol price and capital cost.Overall conclusion is that the process can compete with the existing alkali and acid catalyzed processes.Especially for the conversion of waste cooking oil to biodiesel, the supercritical process is an interesting technical and economical alternative.     

危险废物填埋场渗滤液初始浓度表征模拟研究

渗滤液初始浓度(C0L)是计算填埋场渗漏污染物源强的重要参数之一,由于填埋场构造复杂,其在运行过程中很难获取,因此在计算填埋场环境风险数学的模型常用浸出浓度(CL)代替C0L。本研究以典型危险废物固化飞灰为代表,开展了优势污染物Cr在不同模拟高度(h)土柱和不同浸取剂pH条件下土柱溶出模拟试验研究,通过对比不同时间段内不同体积浸出液中的总Cr浓度(CCr0),定义了表征C0L对应的采样体积数,探讨C0L的影响因素中其与h、pH的相关关系。研究结果表明浸取液的pH在3~7范围内时C0L没有明显规律性,C0L随h增大而增大,并且根据实验数据初步建立了C0L和h、pH之间的简单数学关系模型。     

络合萃取法处理甲苯二异氰酸酯氢化废水的试验研究

研究络合萃取处理甲苯二异氰酸酯（TDI）生产氢化废水的工艺过程,考察了pH值、萃取相比、萃取温度、萃取时间等因素对萃取效果的影响,并通过正交试验对工艺条件进行优化,结果表明：采用酸性含磷类萃取剂,煤油为稀释剂,在pH值为8.0、萃取温度为25℃、萃取时间为3 min、萃取相比为1.5︰1优化条件下,对氢化废水中苯胺类的萃取率大于97％。负载萃取剂以31%的盐酸作反萃剂,反萃取相比为20︰1条件下可实现完全再生,反萃液经处理可回收2,4-二氨基甲苯和2,6-二氨基甲苯。     

基于ANSYS Fluent系统的炉排炉垃圾焚烧过程数值模拟

为系统深入地研究机械炉排式垃圾焚烧炉内的焚烧特性,利用ANSYS Fluent软件进行了炉排炉内垃圾焚烧特性的数值模拟,模拟结果与实际运行数据基本一致。在此基础上,对炉排运行速度、进料含水率及助燃风含氧量等关键燃烧特性参数对垃圾焚烧过程的影响规律进行了模拟研究。     

光催化氧化与吸附组合工艺处理C5树脂生产装置污水站废气

本文对碳五树脂生产装置污水站产生的废气提出了针对性的组合处理工艺,并在浙江某树脂生产企业成功应用,取得了较好的效果。     

东盟国家危险废物管理机制与实践经验

东盟国家对废物的处理处置技术较为先进,国内对废物管理的法律制度相对完善。近年来,其大力发展危险废物处理处置技术,在危险废物的管理方面都取得了较好的成绩。开展东盟国家危险废物管理研究,对完善我国危险废物出口管理体系和未来出口对象的选择具有重要意义。     

武汉市废弃物处理温室气体排放和控制对策

对武汉市2005、2010和2012年废弃物处理温室气体排放量进行了核算,结果表明2005、2010和2012年废弃物处理中生活垃圾填埋和废弃物焚烧产生的温室气体量最大,占折算为碳含量后的71.46%以上,是武汉市废弃物处理温室气体排放的重要来源。填埋产生的温室气体在2010年达到峰值,因填埋量减少、焚烧量增加导致焚烧产生的温室气体量增加。废水处理中温室气体的量相对较小,产生甲烷(CH_4)约0.44至0.67万t。废水处理中温室气体排放量随着污水收集率逐步提高而降低,而又随污水总量增加而增加。总体来说,废弃物处理中二氧化碳(CO_2)排放量逐年增加,CH_4先增加后降低,氧化亚氮(N_2O)逐年增加。此外,武汉市固体废弃物处理温室气体排放主要控制填埋量和焚烧量,而加强废弃物的收集和管理,以及技术提升、生态修复、增加植被碳汇将是武汉市废弃物处理温室气体控制和减排的重要措施。     

某垃圾卫生填埋场渗滤液处理工程实例及技术探讨

针对城市生活垃圾填埋场渗滤液的特点,提出了UASB＋MBR的处理工艺,结果表明,经该处理工艺,垃圾填埋场渗滤液中的NH3-N,CODCr,BOD5等指标均能达到GB16889—1997《生活垃圾填埋污染控制标准》中生活垃圾渗滤液排放限值的二级标准。