气相色谱-质谱法分析饮用水源水中甲基汞

采用自动固相萃取-气质联用法分析饮用水源中的甲基汞,通过巯基棉小柱萃取大体积(5L)水样后,选择离子扫描方式(SIM)进行定量。实验对比国家标准方法具有更好的线性关系,实际操作简单快捷,灵敏度高。3个浓度水平进行加标回收实验,回收率分别大于71.0%、74.4%、76.0%。对10μg/L浓度重复进样6次,相对标准偏差(RSD)为4.8%。该方法检出限可达到3×10-4μg/L,满足饮用水源水中甲基汞标准限值要求。     

城市湿地水质昼夜变化研究

2012年6月13～14日对温州三垟湿地水质进行连续24h的采样监测,并运用对数型幂函数普适指数公式评价了监测站点1天内连续的水质变化情况。研究目的是揭示城市湿地水体中水质参数是否存在昼夜变化、昼夜变化的幅度大小和变化原因。结果表明:温度、pH、溶解氧、化学需氧量和叶绿素a表现出明显的昼夜变化,由于影响营养盐的因素复杂,营养盐指标没有表现出明显的昼夜变化。运用对数型幂函数普适指数公式评价监测站点的水质情况,评价结果显示在连续24h的实验中,水体的富营养化程度都处于"极富"营养状态而且呈现出白天营养状态综合指数下降,夜间升高的趋势。     

重金属Cd在再生水—土壤—蔬菜体系中的迁移

通过小区试验种植了小白菜和萝卜,以再生水灌溉和污泥施肥,采用修正的BCR法测定了再生水、污泥、土壤、蔬菜中重金属Cd的5种形态含量,分析Cd在再生水(污泥)-土壤-蔬菜体系中的迁移和累积特征。结果表明:灌溉用清水和再生水中Cd的总量均未超出国家农田灌溉水质标准(GB5084-2005)的规定,但水样中的Cd主要以水溶态存在,生物有效性系数K≥0.85。经再生水灌溉和污泥施肥后土壤中Cd的形态和总量均发生了变化。蔬菜地上部分中Cd以水溶态B0和可氧化态B3的形式存在,B0>B3;而地下部分以B0、B2和B3为主,B0相似文献   

乌梁素海富营养化状态的模糊模式识别研究

本文利用模糊模式识别交叉迭代模型对分布于乌梁素海各水功能区的21个水质监测点,2009年5月～10月的富营养化等级进行了模糊模式识别研究;并利用Arcview的空间分析功能,绘制富营养化等级识别结果的空间分布月变化Grid图。将富营养化状态识别结果及其分布区域与乌梁素海同期水质监测指标浓度变化及其分布区域进行对比分析及验证。识别结果与实际水质状况相符,验证了该方法的有效性。     

河流环境质量现状及污染防治对策

水作为一种宝贵的自然资源,在人类生活、生产中起着重要作用。随着社会经济迅速发展,水资源面临着污染严重、资源枯竭等问题。河流作为一种重要的淡水资源,其环境质量的好坏关系到人类的生活水平的高低。本文对深圳市宝安区三条河流环境质量现状进行监测,分析了造成三条河流污染的主要原因,并针对污染原因提出了污染防治对策。     

含镉的铬废水处理方法

对电镀镉工艺流程中出光、钝化及退镉进行了原理分析,得出上述工序必然会导致含镉的铬废水的产生。并提出了采用按铬废水处理后再通过添加重金属捕捉剂的方式,有效控制了电镀废水的处理质量,达到了标准的排放要求。     

便携式水质检测仪性能综合评价方法研究

目前便携式水质检测仪品种繁多,各种技术指标和性能尚无统一评价标准,导致仪器性能良莠不齐,监测数据质量难以保证,无法满足管理部门对环境监测数据的要求,检测机构在采购过程中也难以选择。为解决这一问题,建立了便携式水质检测仪综合评价方法,确定了综合评价指标,制定了综合评价标准,选择相关仪器及相关项目进行综合评价。结果表明,大部分便携式水质检测仪器在便携性、操作简易性等方面做得比较好,而在准确度、精密度等方面还有待提高。该评价方法综合考虑了影响便携式水质检测仪的各项因素,能够为全方位评价、选择便携式水质检测仪提供参考。     

Through converting the surface complex on TiO2 nanorods to generate superoxide and singlet oxygen to remove CN-

Cyanide(CN^-) is extensively used in the process of plating devices and for surface treatment in the electroplating industry and is extremely hazardous to humans and the environment. Peroxymonosulfate(PMS)- based advanced oxidation processes(AOPs) hold considerable promise for CN^- removal. However, the activity of sulfate radical and hydroxyl radical generated in the PMS activation process is low in the base condition, leading to a drop in its efficiency in CN^- re...     

Selection of water source for water transfer based on algal growth potential to prevent algal blooms

Water transfer is becoming a popular method for solving the problems of water quality deterioration and water level drawdown in lakes. However, the principle of choosing water sources for water transfer projects has mainly been based on the effects on water quality, which neglects the influence in the variation of phytoplankton community and the risk of algal blooms. In this study, algal growth potential (AGP) test was applied to predict changes in the phytoplankton community caused by water transfer projects. The feasibility of proposed water transfer sources (Baqing River and Jinsha River) was assessed through the changes in both water quality and phytoplankton community in Chenghai Lake, Southwest China. The results showed that the concentration of total nitrogen (TN) and total phosphorus (TP) in Chenghai Lake could be decreased to 0.52 mg/L and 0.02 mg/L respectively with the simulated water transfer source of Jinsha River. The algal cell density could be reduced by 60%, and the phytoplankton community would become relatively stable with the Jinsha River water transfer project, and the dominant species of Anabaena cylindrica evolved into Anabaenopsis arnoldii due to the species competition. However, the risk of algal blooms would be increased after the Baqing River water transfer project even with the improved water quality. Algae gained faster proliferation with the same dominant species in water transfer source. Therefore, water transfer projects should be assessed from not only the variation of water quality but also the risk of algal blooms.     

Revealing photon transmission in an ultraviolet reactor: Advanced approaches for measuring fluence rate distribution in water for model validation

Fluence rate (FR) distribution (optical field) is of great significance in the optimal design of ultraviolet (UV) reactors for disinfection or oxidation processes in water treatment. Since the 1970s, various simulation models have been developed, which can be combined with computational fluidic dynamic software to calculate the fluence delivered in a UV reactor. These models strive for experimental validation and further improvement, which is a major challenge for UV technology in water treatment. Herein, a review of the simulation models of the FR distribution in a UV reactor and the applications of the current main experimental measurement approaches including conventional flat-type UV detector, spherical actinometer, and micro-fluorescent silica detector (MFSD), is presented. Moreover, FR distributions in a UV reactor are compared between various simulation models and MFSD measurements. In addition, the main influential factors on the FR distribution, including inner-wall reflection, refraction and shadowing effects of adjacent lamps, and turbidity effect are discussed, which is helpful for improving the accuracy of the simulation models and avoiding dark regions in the reactor design. This paper provides an overview on the simulation models and measurement approaches for the FR distribution, which is helpful for the model selection in fluence calculations and gives high confidence on the optimal design of UV reactors in regard to present methods.