高效液相色谱-原子荧光光谱联用测定水中形态砷

采用高效液相色谱-氢化物发生-原子荧光光谱联用技术测定水中亚砷酸盐[As(Ⅲ)]、二甲基砷(DMA)、一甲基砷(MMA)和砷酸盐[As(V)]等4种形态砷,以磷酸盐缓冲溶液为流动相,硼氢化钾为还原剂,优化了仪器主要技术参数.As(Ⅲ)、DMA、MMA和As(V)在7 min内实现了良好的基线分离,在5.00 μg/L～...     

滇池流域城市型河流盘龙江总磷水环境容量测算研究

为了水体污染物容量总量控制,将盘龙江水环境容量划分为4个控制单元,采用两点示踪法确定盘龙江总磷(TP)综合降解系数,并采用一维水质模型对其进行了验证,在此基础上利用模型计算了盘龙江各控制单元的TP水环境容量.结果表明,盘龙江TP综合降解系数的区间值为0.016 d-1 ±0.002 d-1,盘龙江4个控制单元(Ⅰ段、Ⅱ...     

基于通量守恒原理的水质监测非统计不确定性研究

水环境动态监测过程中,结果存在非统计不确定性.以北京市密云水库曹家路小流域安达木河部分汇流河段为研究对象,结合水质和流量数据,分析了单次监测中水质存在的偶然误差下限值,去除其粗大值,以其均值表征动态监测过程中的非统计不确定性.由于研究的汇流河段尺度小,水流经过时间短,迁移转化过程可以忽略,建立的基于通量守恒原理的非统计...     

氢化物发生-原子荧光法同时测定水中的砷和铅的研究

目的是建立一种同时测定水中微量砷和铅的方法。方法采用酸消解法消解水样,氢化物发生-原子荧光法同时测定水中微量砷和铅。结果显示,砷和铅方法的检出限分别为0.20μg/L和0.24μg/L,回收率分别为92.9%~104.4%和93.5%~103.8%,相对标准偏差分别为2.3%和3.5%。水中微量砷和铅用氢化物发生-原子荧光法测定能满足要求,可以同时测定。     

Public acceptance potential for reuse applications in Turkey

The water reuse applications are becoming increasingly important in Turkey due to fresh water scarcity problems. However, the success of reuse practices depends on the public's acceptance. Therefore, this study was designed to determine the public awareness, and the potential for acceptance, of reuse applications in Turkey by way of a survey carried out for this purpose. 500 questionnaires were sent to different regions of Turkey and 375 of them were returned. The study indicated that both women and men have concerns about usage of wastewater, especially regarding the use of treated wastewater as drinking water. Results also showed that the area of greatest concern among the public is the health risks associated with recycled water. Respondents of both genders felt that treated wastewater reuse for applications not involving close personal contact was acceptable, due to reduced health risk concerns. On the other hand, the cost of reclamation is another major public concern.     

典型铁路工程水土流失情况调查研究

在我国水力侵蚀亚区内选取几条施工中铁路进行现场水力侵蚀实验调查,对铁路施工期水力侵蚀情况调查和研究,并在我国5个水力侵蚀亚区内的铁路施工期水力侵蚀进行人工降雨试验和侵蚀沟调查,研究结果得出5个侵蚀亚区内各铁路工程类型施工期水土流失等级、加速侵蚀因子和侵蚀模数。结论表明,交通工程边坡水力侵蚀程度受施工工程特点影响非常明显,新型构造物的形成将引发严重的土壤侵蚀现象。     

Recovery of coagulant from water supply plant sludge and its effect on clarification

Spent coagulant in water supply plant sludge was extracted with H₂SO₄ and the efficiency of the reused coagulant was studied. The optimum pH values for coagulant extraction and clarification with the reused coagulant were 3.0–4.0 and about 6, respectively. In treating raw influent obtained from a sewage treatment plant and wastewater from a coastal landfill site, the removal of chemical oxygen demand (COD), total nitrogen, and total phosphorous with the recovered coagulant was higher than that with commercial aluminum sulfate or polyaluminum chloride. In addition, the sludge settling properties, the extra sludge mass formation, the supernatant quality, and the cost of reagents were also studied. The coagulant recovered from water supply plant sludge by H₂SO₄ extraction could be successfully reused for the clarification of domestic and food industry wastewaters.     

Analyzing the carbon dynamics of central European forests: comparison of Biome-BGC simulations with measurements

Biogeochemical models are often used for making projections of future carbon dynamics under scenarios of global change. The aim of this study was to assess the accuracy of the process-based biogeochemical model Biome-BGC for application in central European forests from the lowlands to upper treeline as a pre-requisite for environmental impact assessments. We analyzed model behavior along an altitudinal gradient across the alpine treeline, which provided insights on the sensitivity of simulated average carbon pools to changes in environmental factors. A second set of tests included medium-term (30 years) simulations of carbon fluxes, and a third set of tests focused on daily carbon and water fluxes. Model results were compared to aboveground biomass measurements, leaf area index recordings as well as net ecosystem exchange (NEE) and actual evapotranspiration (AET) measurements. The simulated medium-term forest growth agreed well with measured data. Also daily NEE fluxes were simulated adequately in most cases. Problems were detected when simulating ecosystems close to the upper timberline (overestimation of measured growth and pool sizes), and when simulating daily AET fluxes (overestimation of measured fluxes). The results showed that future applications of Biome-BGC could benefit much from an improvement of model algorithms (e.g., the Q₁₀ model for respiration) as well as from a detailed analysis of the ecological significance of crucial parameters (e.g., the canopy water interception coefficient).     

高压M废水生化处理中硫化物测定方法的探讨

高压Ｍ废水成分较复杂，如何准确测定其中硫化物的含量，是考查高压Ｍ废水处理好坏的关键问题．本论文分析了测量误差产生的原因，选择了能使测量值趋于准确的新型预处理沉淀剂，并根据水中硫化物含量的不同，选用不同的测量方法，达到减少杂质干扰、准确分析、降低误差的目的．     

西安市水资源的可持续利用研究

随着西部大开发战略的实施 ,西安市水资源供给与城市发展的矛盾将愈加突出。西安市水资源总量先天不足且时空分布不均 ,人为利用中对水环境破坏严重 ,水资源重复利用率低下 ,使原本很少的水资源更为短缺。针对以上问题 ,本文构建了西安市水资源利用的外部约束机制 ,并从现实出发探索了水资源利用的内部机制