外绝缘用液体硅橡胶老化现象的微观表征

本文针对近年来出现在一些变电站SF6电压、电流互感器的液体硅橡胶绝缘护套出现龟裂老化这一现象,对发生老化的硅橡胶材料进行了性能测试和试验,并利用红外光谱分析、XPS分析、热失重等手段分析了其微观结构和物质组成的变化。研究发现老化后的液体硅橡胶中Si-C、Si-O官能团和Si、C、O元素的相对含量发生了变化,且随着老化程度的增加呈现出较为明显的规律,老化越严重,Si-C键含量越少,C元素的含量越少,O元素含量越多。本文认为,用官能团含量、元素相对含量可以准确地表征液体硅橡胶材料的老化程度。通过对不同老化程度的液体硅橡胶进行的憎水性、耐漏电起痕性能的试验也证实了本文的观点。     

垂直层流清净室新送风方式

分析了在空气净化中利用吊顶上方空间作静压室的送风方式的不合理之处，提出了1种管道送风方式。     

Heavy metals in Jamaican surface soils

A regional survey of Jamaican surface soils has been conducted in which more than 200 samples were collected at a sample density of 1 per 64 km² across the island and analysed for total concentrations of 31 elements by instrumental neutron activation analysis (INAA), energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence (EDXRF) analysis and atomic absorption spectrophotometry (AAS). The aim of the survey was to begin the construction of a high-precision geochemical database to provide information on elemental levels in soils for application to environmental studies, agriculture, and human and animal health. Results on the regional scale are presented for As, Cd, Cu, Hg and Pb. Although Jamaican surface soils are enriched in several heavy metals compared with world soil means and crustal abundances, lead is of particular importance at this stage because of its occurrence in residential areas. Except for Cu, the distribution maps of these elements are highly correlated with bauxite which in Jamaica is associated with white limestone geology and residualterra rossa soils.     

Influence of the organic complex concentration on adsorption of herbicide in organic modified montmorillonite

This study was undertaken to determine the impact of the organic complex concentration on the adsorption of herbicide (acetochlor) at the surface of the organic modified montmorillonite. In this work, natural montmorillonite from Bogovina (Boljevac municipality, Serbia) was used for organic modification. Cation-exchange capacity of this montmorillonite was determined using a methylene blue method (86 mmol/100 g of clay). Montmorillonite has been modified first with NaCl and then with hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide (HDTMA-bromide) organic complex. Saturation of cation exchange capacity (CEC) was 50%, 100%, and 150%. Changes in the properties of the inorganic and organic montmorillonite have been examined using the X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and batch equilibrium method. Montmorillonite modified with HDTMA-bromide demonstrated higher uptake of the herbicide, compared to the inorganic montmorillonite. Comparing the values Freundlich coefficients in batch equilibrium method, it can be seen that the adsorption of acetochlor decreased in the series: 0.5 CEC HM > 1 CEC HM > 1.5 CEC HM > NaM.     

基于CFD的污泥脱水机房恶臭扩散分布规律研究

污泥脱水机房是污水处理厂恶臭污染最严重的处理单元之一,其恶臭污染危害工作人员和周边居民身体健康。为研究脱水机房恶臭扩散分布规律,运用计算流体动力学（computational fluid dynamics, CFD）理论并采用其商用软件FLUENT对脱水机房主要恶臭污染物之一的硫化氢扩散分布进行数值模拟。案例研究了3种典型情景下的硫化氢扩散分布。结果表明,不同通风条件对脱水机房硫化氢扩散分布影响较大。在进行脱水机房设计时,应将脱水机布置于夏季最多风向的下方向,并靠近排风口,使恶臭污染物在最短的路径上排除出去,还应考虑机房其他布置,使工作人员经常接触和经过的地方位于低浓度区。     

柴油发电机房噪声治理的优化设计及应用

目前柴油发电机房噪声的设计与治理方法没有形成固定的模式,为了解决这个问题,文章以某柴油发电机房噪声治理为例,对该噪声控制进行理论探讨、设计计算和技术优化。以此为据完成了工程,取得了良好的处理效果。并为柴油发电机房噪声控制提供了一种可供参考的方法。     

源液室火灾爆炸危险性分析及风险控制措施

对某企业源液室的危险有害因素进行了分析和辨识,利用火灾爆炸指数法进行了风险评价,针对源液室的现状提出了安全对策,同时建议其进行风险转移,以提高该企业抵抗风险的能力.     

X射线防护服防护性能探析

本文对X射线防护服应具备的防护性能进行了探讨分析,在调研、测试和资料搜集的基础上给出了x射线防护服的铅当量、物理性能和耐臭氧性能等级,对目前存在的一些问题提出了建设性的意见,期望在x射线防护服的生产和使用上达到企业顺利发展、人民生命和健康得到保障的双赢效果。     

洁净室亚微米颗粒污染的模型模拟研究

采用基于欧拉框架下的Small Slip Model颗粒拟流体模型和Three Layer Model壁面沉积边界条件,并运用标准的k-ε湍流模型和壁面函数方法对非单向流洁净室内亚微米颗粒污染物的输运和分布结构进行数值模拟。模拟结果和实验结果具有较好的一致性,说明所采用的计算模型和方法具有良好的合理性和适用性。洁净室内颗粒污染物的输运和分布特征受空气流场的制约,尤其是室内存在的回流区和旋涡区,对污染控制和排除效率有着重要的影响。此外,颗粒的湍流扩散作用在对流作用较弱的区域发挥着重要的作用,对其机理的正确认识和分析有助于提高模型研究的准确性。