深水型水库水质因子与藻类群落垂向演替及水华爆发机制分析

将莆田市东圳水库垂向划分为表层、中层、和深层,研究其藻类群落的分布特征及其受环境因子影响的演变规律,进而明晰“水华”爆发机制。结果表明,水库中共检出浮游藻类7门39属,群落结构主要以蓝藻、绿藻、硅藻和隐藻为主,在不同季节沿水库垂向分布呈现显著差异性。表层和中层水体中优势藻类为绿藻门和蓝藻门,受水温、光照、DO和TN影响;深层水体优势藻类为硅藻和隐藻,主要受水温和TN影响。对水库中营养盐分析结果表明,东圳水库N/P平均值达到32.4,呈典型磷限制性特征,水库氮污染主要来自农业面源输入和内源释放。底泥中氮类物质易于在夏季分层期发生释放,并与DO结合发生形态转化后输入至上层水体,由此导致“水华”现象的发生。针对东圳水库水华防范与治理,需严格防控点源和农业面源污染,并建设水力扰动设施以及增设原位修复装置等措施,全方位防控水华现象的发生。本研究通过分析东圳水库藻类功能组时空演替,有助于确定东圳水库藻类爆发机制,可为水库藻类治理、水环境生态保护提供参考。     

天目湖富营养化现状研究

基于2005年天目湖(沙河水库)库体和取水口水质监测资料,分析其水库水质和富营养化状况.结果表明,全年水库透明度为3.10±0.14 m,总氮为0.455±0.036 mg/L,总磷为0.017±0.004 mg/L,N/P比的均值为28.8±9.5,浮游植物生长主要受营养盐磷的限制.采用总氮、总磷、透明度、高锰酸盐指数、溶解氧五项指标作为参数的富营养状态指数,评价结果表明,沙河水库水体营养水平较低,处于贫营养状态.     

库区旅游生态环境敏感性评价研究——以湖北省丹江口市为例

库区生态地位突出,旅游活动频繁,库区旅游生态环境敏感性评价对库区旅游开发、旅游环境影响评价具有重要的现实意义。文章依据库区旅游生态环境特点构建了水体、植被、坡度、高程、坡向等指标,基于RS、GIS技术提取评价因子并对丹江口市旅游生态环境敏感性进行评价。结果表明,库区周边以及武当山等山势较高的山体为旅游环境极强敏感区,占全市面积的12.81%;强敏感区与一般敏感区所占的比例分别为29.41%、34.38%;弱敏感区散布在河谷平原及距库区较远的边缘地带,占23.39%,旅游活动强度较低。生态强敏感区与旅游活动高发区具有空间耦合性,旅游活动对库区生态环境的影响不容忽视。     

低分子有机酸对三峡库区沉积物吸附Pb2+影响研究

以长江三峡库区万州段消落带区的沉积物为研究对象,通过等温吸附平衡实验研究不同浓度的柠檬酸、草酸对沉积物吸附Pb2+的影响.实验结果表明:消落带沉积物对Pb2+的吸附量随着Pb2+离子平衡浓度的增加而增大,Pb2+平衡浓度在0.08～80 mg/L时,其最大吸附量为8 762.00 mg/Kg.不同浓度的柠檬酸、草酸会在不同程度上抑制沉积物对Pb2+吸附,2 mmol/L柠檬酸对沉积物吸附Pb2+的能力是浓度为4 mmol/L时的1.12倍,草酸条件下为1.02倍.即高浓度的低分子有机酸抑制消落带沉积物对Pb2+的吸附.     

官厅水库微囊藻毒素的LC-ESI/MS定性分析

在利用高效液相色谱方法研究的基础上,采用液相色谱-电喷雾质谱(LC-ESI/MS)方法对相同的藻毒素样品进行了进一步的定性研究.结果表明,官厅水库微囊藻产生的5种微囊藻毒素中3种分别是常见的Microcystin-RR,Microcystin-LR和Microcystin-YR,分子量分别为1 038,995和1 045.另外2种分子量分别为1 052和1 009,分别与Microcystin-YY和Mglu-LR的分子量相同,但完全的验证工作还有待更深入的研究.     

APPLICATION OF THE HEC-4 MONTHLY STREAM FLOW SIMULATION MODEL1

ABSTRACT: The HEC-4 monthly stream flow simulation model, developed by the Hydrologic Engineering Center, Davis, California, is used to extend the available historical stream flow records in the Central Ohio area. The principal objective of this paper is to examine the effectiveness of the HEC-4 model in generating synthetic monthly flows. Important statistical parameters are evaluated in order to relate the statistical properties of the historical and generated flows. In doing so, it is observed that the mean, standard deviation, and skewness of the generated flows are consistently larger than the corresponding estimates based on historical flows. However, results show that these statistics, as well as the lag-1 serial correlation, are generally well maintained by the generated sequences. The degree to which any statistical dissimilarities would be critical, from an engineering design point of view, is demonstrated by utilizing their low flow characteristics. Estimates of reservoir safe-yields, based on a nonsequential mass-curve analysis of the historical and generated low flows, indicate a nominal difference in this particular study.     

LEAF LITTER BREAKDOWN IN A RECENTLY IMPOUNDED RESERVOIR1

ABSTRACT: The impoundment of Richard B. Russell Lake resulted in the inundation of 3490 ha of forested area or 33 percent of the total area of the lake. Estimates of the total inundated leaf litter biomass were combined with a leaf litter decomposition study to determine the nutrient load and dissolved oxygen demand to the reservoir. Hickory leaf bags broke down most rapidly at the 3-m and 28-rn depths, followed by short-needle pine, white oak, a hardwood litter mixture, beech, and red oak. Leaf bags incubated at the 3-m depth exhibited significantly higher breakdown rates than those at the 28-m depth for most leaf types, due to differences in dissolved oxygen and temperature. Respiration rates of litter were also higher at the 3-m depth. Most leaf types accumulated nitrogen and phosphorus and lost organic carbon after an initial leaching period. Richard B. Russell Lake exhibited extensive anoxia and the buildup of total organic carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus during summer stratification. Leaf litter breakdown accounted for 64 percent of the organic carbon increase but acted as a sink for nitrogen and phosphorus. The dissolved oxygen demand of the litter accounted for over 50 percent of the demand incurred in the lake.     

Taking advantage of storm and waste water retention basins as part of water use minimization in industrial sites

A methodology for water use minimization has been developed by the Clean Technology Network of Bahia over a 10 year period in joint cooperative programs with the chemical, petrochemical and copper metallurgy industries located in the largest Industrial Complex in Latin America, in Camaçari, Bahia, Brazil. The methodology comprises a set of tools including reconciled aqueous stream balances, database of aqueous streams; large scale training leading to the identification of water minimization alternatives in the processes, water reuse optimization approaches; geographical information systems as well as, consideration of the region's hydro and hydro-geological characteristics. The results of a study carried out to assess the possibility of using storm and wastewaters for industrial use is presented in this paper. The inorganic system is composed by three water reservoirs (basins) receiving stormwater contaminated with inorganic effluents, and occasionally with organics. These basins have been operated to control water flow inputs according to the capacity of the pumping outlet systems before their discharge to a submarine outfall. A mass balance was performed with historical updated data to assess water availability from the basins based on the daily volume variation and flow rate of inorganic effluent from 2001 to 2007. The study identified the possibility of recovering about 1140 m³/h of the overall 5400 m³/h consumed by the Industrial Complex at the moment. Organizational changes in the present effluent disposal and stormwater harvest systems will be required in order to maximize water recovery for industrial use.