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21.
Defining acceptable conditions in wilderness 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
The limits of acceptable change (LAC) planning framework recognizes that forest managers must decide what indicators of wilderness
conditions best represent resource naturalness and high-quality visitor experiences and how much change from the pristine
is acceptable for each indicator. Visitor opinions on the aspects of the wilderness that have great impact on their experience
can provide valuable input to selection of indicators. Cohutta, Georgia; Caney Creek, Arkansas; Upland Island, Texas; and
Rattlesnake, Montana, wilderness visitors have high shared agreement that littering and damage to trees in campsites, noise,
and seeing wildlife are very important influences on wilderness experiences. Camping within sight or sound of other people
influences experience quality more than do encounters on the trails. Visitors’ standards of acceptable conditions within wilderness
vary considerably, suggesting a potential need to manage different zones within wilderness for different clientele groups
and experiences. Standards across wildernesses, however, are remarkably similar. 相似文献
22.
Using data from a study conducted in the Cranberry Wilderness Area of West Virginia, United States, this paper describes how
a modified importance—performance approach can be used to prioritize wilderness indicators and determine how much change from
the pristine is acceptable. The approach uses two key types of information: (1) indicator importance, or visitor opinion as
to which wilderness indicators have the greatest influence on their experience, and (2) management performance, or the extent
to which actual indicator conditions exceed or are within visitor expectations. Performance was represented by calculating
indicator performance estimates (IPEs), as defined by standardized differences between actual conditions and visitor preferences
for each indicator. The results for each indicator are then presented graphically on a four-quadrant matrix for objective
interpretation. Each quadrant represents a management response: keep up the good work, concentrate here, low priority, or
possible overkill. The technique allows managers to more systematically and effectively utilize information routinely collected
during the limits of acceptable change wilderness planning process.
This paper is submitted with the approval of the Director of the West Virginia Agricultural and Forestry Experiment Station
as Scientific Article No. 541. The study was funded in part, through a grant from the USDA Forest Service, Monongahela National
Forest. 相似文献
23.
24.
地质灾害可接受风险水平研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
可接受风险水平是地质灾害风险管制方法研究中重要的研究内容之一,其目的是通过估算地质灾害风险评价结果值,确定承灾体的受灾影响,然后将可接受风险水平作为风险评价的判据,评判所估算的风险值是否可以接受。通过对我国2000-2010年因地质灾害而死亡的人数以及每年总人口数据进行分析,针对我国地质灾害可接受风险水平的确定分析展开研究,提出了我国地质灾害可接受风险标准的上限值(可容忍风险线的风险值)为10-6/a,可接受风险标准的下限值(可接受风险线的风险值)为10-7/a,确定了我国地质灾害可接受风险水平FN曲线。 相似文献
25.
稀土元素日允许摄入限量的差异与农用安全性讨论 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
比较不同时期提出的稀土元素日允许摄入量(AD I)的差异性发现,随着研究的深入,近期提出的AD I值明显低于早期的AD I值,反映了人们对稀土元素毒性效应有了进一步的认识。根据农产品中稀土元素残留量及其可通过食物链为人们所摄入的现状,分析了稀土农用、稀土厂“三废”对生态环境的污染影响以及潜在的食品安全性问题。 相似文献
26.
本文根据可接受风险标准的确定方法和制定原则,提出了中石油企业可接受风险标准,包括员工个人可接受风险标准和员工社会可接受风险标准。 相似文献
27.
Peggy Drouillet-Pinard Michel Boisset Alain Périquet Jean-Michel Lecerf Francine Casse Michel Catteau 《Journal of environmental science and health. Part. B》2013,48(1):84-91
The increase of fruit and vegetable (F&V) intake contributes to the prevention of chronic diseases, but could also significantly increase pesticide exposure and may thus be of health concern. Following a previous pesticide exposure assessment study, the present study was carried out to determine actual levels of pesticides within 400 g of F&V intake and to evaluate consumer risk. Forty-three Active Substances (AS) exceeding 10 % of the Acceptable Daily Intake (ADI) in balanced menus established for our previous theoretical study were considered. Fifty-six pooled food samples were analyzed: 28 fruit samples and 28 vegetable samples. Pesticide values were compared to Maximum Residue Levels (MRL) and to the “toxicological credit” derived from ADI. It was observed that 23 out of the 43 retained AS were never detected, 5 were detected both in F&V samples, 12 only in fruits and 3 only in vegetables. The most frequently detected AS were carbendazim, iprodione and dithiocarbamates. When detected, AS were more frequently found in fruit samples (74 %) than in vegetable samples (26 %). A maximum of 3 AS were detected at once in a given sample. Overall, we observed 8 and 14 overruns of the MRL in 1204 measures in pooled vegetable and fruit samples, respectively (0.7 % and 1.2 % of cases, respectively). Chronic exposure for adults was the highest for dithiocarbamates but did not exceed 23.7 % of the ADI in F&V. It was concluded that raising both F&V consumption up to 400 g/day (~5 F&V/day) according to recommendations of the national health and nutrition plan, does not induce pesticide overexposure and should not represent a risk for the consumer. 相似文献
28.
Stefano Girotti Elida N. Ferri Ermanno Errani 《Journal of environmental science and health. Part. B》2013,48(2):130-136
The presence of pesticide residues in fresh vegetables and fruit have been qualitatively and quantitatively determined at the laboratories of the Regional Agency for Environmental Protection (ARPA), Division of the Province of Bologna. More than 1,700 samples have been tested by routine analyses. The possible risks for consumers have been evaluated by various parameters. The most important ones were: the amount of each residue; the respective ADI (Acceptable Daily Intake) limit; the contemporary presence of different residues; an estimation of the daily intake, based on the amount of fruit and vegetables consumed per person. It has been possible to evaluate that the daily intake of pesticide residues in the province of Bologna during the period 2003–06 resulted lower than the ADI limits concerning the vegetables. According to the information on fruit consumption the daily intake of omethoate (O,O-dimethyl S-methylcarbamoylmethyl phosphorothioate) resulted higher than its ADI limit, of dicofol (2,2,2-trichloro-1,1-bis(trichloromethyl)benzenemethanol) very close to the admitted limit, under the respective limits for all the other residues. 相似文献
29.
In this study, different concentrations of five food dyes (amaranth, patent blue, carminic acid, indigotine and erythrosine) have been evaluated for genotoxicity in the Somatic Mutation and Recombination Test (SMART) of Drosophila melanogaster. Standard cross was used in the experiment. Larvae including two linked recessive wing hair mutations were chronically fed at different concentrations of the test compounds in standard Drosophila Instant Medium. Feeding ended with pupation of the surviving larvae. Wings of the emerging adult flies were scored for the presence of spots of mutant cells which can result from either somatic mutation or somatic recombination. For the evaluation of genotoxic effects, the frequencies of spots per wing in the treated series were compared to the control group, which was distilled water. The present study shows that carminic acid and indigotine demonstrated negative results while erythrosine demonstrated inconclusive results. In addition 25 mg mL−1 concentration of patent blue and 12.5, 25 and 50 mg mL−1 concentrations of amaranth demonstrated positive results in the SMART. 相似文献
30.
环境风险评价构架的探讨 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
本文归纳并概括了国际上和我国环境风险评价的一般构架,从环境风险评价、安全评价、健康评价、生态评价、最大可信灾害事故及最大可接受水平等几个方面对我国环境风险评价一般构架进行了探讨,分析了我国环境风险评价构架中存在的问题,提出了进一步完善我国环境风险评价一般构架的方法,并辅以了案例分析。 相似文献