贵州龙里实验区酸性降水特征及变化趋势

以2007年4月～2008年12月贵州龙里实验区的降水监测数据为基础,运用统计学方法对该地区大气降水酸度和化学组成的特征及其季节变化趋势进行分析.结果表明,研究期内当地的降水pH均值为4.70,酸雨占降雨次数的70.1%和总降雨量的76.7%.酸雨的发生呈现一定的季节变化特征,其中春季为酸雨高发季节.降水中SO42-、NO3-、NH4+、Ca2+等含量较高.与相关研究进行对比,初步认为该地区大气降水所带来的S和N的湿沉降量尚未超过当地生态系统的酸沉降临界负荷.     

电除尘器中粒子沉降特性研究

为更准确地描述粉尘粒子在电除尘器电场中的浓度分布,文章在现有电除尘器粉尘粒子沉降模型的基础上,通过引入影响因子的概念对改进的三维数学模型及其除尘效率估算方法进行了分析讨论,得到了不同精度下的除尘效率估算式和相应参数的估算方法。针对细粉尘,结合实验数据,得到预测其除尘效率时可以忽略竖直方向浓度变化,公式η=1-(e-1)e-al/fvω可以在无特殊边界条件下进行效率估算。这些为电除尘器的设计和运行提供了一定的参考价值。     

Carotenoid-based bill and eye ring coloration as honest signals of condition: an experimental test in the red-legged partridge (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Alectoris rufa</Emphasis>)

Carotenoid pigments cannot be synthesized by vertebrates but must be ingested through the diet. As they seem to be a limited resource, carotenoid-based ornaments are particularly interesting as possible honest signals of individual quality, in particular of foraging efficiency and nutritional status. Some studies have demonstrated the condition dependence of carotenoid-based plumage in birds. However, many other carotenoid-pigmented bare parts (i.e. skin, caruncles, bills, cere, and tarsi) are present in birds but, in comparison with plumage, little is known about these traits as indicators of individual quality. Here, we show that the eye ring pigmentation and bill redness of the red-legged partridge (Alectoris rufa) are positively associated to body condition and recent changes in body mass. Also, we found a negative relationship between these two traits and heterophil-to-lymphocyte ratio, an indicator of physiological stress (the relationship with bill redness being significant only for males). In an experiment, we found that after a period of reduction in food intake (with the consequent loss of body mass), food-restricted birds showed lower eye ring pigmentation than ad-libitum-fed birds. Therefore, different ornaments seem to reflect changes in body condition but at different speeds or intensities (eye ring, a fleshy ornament, appears to respond more rapidly to changes in the nutritional status than a keratinized structure as the bill). These results indicate that carotenoid-based ornaments are condition-dependent traits in the red-legged partridge, being therefore susceptible to be employed as honest signals of quality in sexual selection.     

微生物絮凝剂产生菌B212的培养条件研究

对高效絮凝剂产生菌B212进行了培养基成分和培养条件的正交实验研究。实验表明,菌B212产絮凝剂的培养基成分配比(ρ)最佳方案为A4B2C1:蔗糖25g/L、尿素0.5g/L、NaCl 0.5g/L、FeSO4 0.01g/L;最佳培养条件为:培养基初始pH值5、培养温度25℃、转速160r/min。在上述最适培养条件下,培养42h产生的絮凝剂对高岭土悬液的絮凝率可达到92.5%。     

Treatment of phenol wastewater by microwave-induced ClO2-CuOx/Al2O3 catalytic oxidation process

The catalyst of CuOx/Al2O3 was prepared by the dipping-sedimentation method using γ-Al2O3 as a carrier. CuO and Cu2O were loaded on the surface of γ-Al2O3, characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). In the presence of CuOx/Al2O3, the microwave-induced chlorine dioxide (ClO2) catalytic oxidation process was conducted for the treatment of synthetic wastewater containing 100 mg/L phenol. The relationships between removal percentage and initial ClO2 concentration, catalyst dosage, microwave power, contact time, initial phenol concentration and pH were investigated and the results showed that microwave-induced ClO2-CuOx/Al2O3 process could effectively degrade contaminants in a short reaction time with a low oxidant dosage, extensive pH range. Under a given condition (ClO2 concentration 80 mg/L, microwave power 50 W, contact time 5 min, catalyst dosage 50 g/L, pH 9), phenol removal percentage approached 92.24%, corresponding to 79.13% of CODCr removal. The removal of phenol by microwave-induced ClO2-CuOx/Al2O3 catalytic oxidation process was a complicated non-homogeneous solid/water reaction, which fitted pseudo-first-order by kinetics. Compared with traditional ClO2 oxidation, ClO2 catalytic oxidation and microwave-induced ClO2 oxidation, microwave-induced ClO2 catalytic oxidation system could significantly enhance the degradation efficiency. It provides an effective technology for the removal of phenol wastewater.     

河北省元氏县佃户营泥石流灾害形成机理及预报方法的研究

元氏县佃户营是河北省太行山区主要泥石流地质灾害频发区,在现场勘察调查的基础上,对元氏县佃户营泥石流的成因进行了详细的研究,研究表罚:元氏县佃户营泥石流形成的物源条件、降雨条件和施势条件均满足泥石流的形成条件,且形成条件充分.在前人研究的基础上,对元氏县佃户营的降雨条件加以分析和研究,从降雨方面给出该泥石流发生的概率.对...     

混凝控制条件的正交优化研究

混凝处理法是一种重要的污水处理技术,控制条件很多,包括混凝剂的种类、混凝剂的投加量、搅拌时间、沉降时间、水温、pH值等。以生活污水为例,利用正交实验法对污水混凝处理的最佳实验条件进行了研究,结果表明混凝剂的投加量是影响混凝效果的最重要因素,当混凝剂硫酸铝的投加量为0.4 mg/L,搅拌强度为250 r/min,反应时间为25 min,沉降时间为40 min时对生活污水的处理效果最好,此时浊度和CODcr的平均去除率分别达到了83.397%和80.0%。     

四种饵料微藻对海水养殖水体N、P的去除研究

为了探索采用微藻处理与综合利用技术净化工厂化海水养殖水体的可行性,研究测定了一些常用饵料微藻对水体N、P的去除能力.主要以绿色巴夫藻(Pavlova viridis)、青岛大扁藻(Platymonas sp.)、三角褐指藻(Phaeodactylum tricornutum)和塔胞藻(Pyramimonas sp.)为...     

云南省跨国界水体环境状况调查研究

开展了对云南省跨国界水体水环境及相关信息的全面调查,针对存在的环境问题进行了分析,并对环境安全提出了对策。     

伊宁市生态环境质量评价及保护对策

＂十二·五＂初对伊宁市＂十一·五＂末期生态环境质量进行综合评价,对今后的生态环境保护以及治理都具有很强的参考和指导意义。本文在生态环境质量评价结果统计分析的基础上,找出当前的主要生态环境问题及变化情况,并对此制定出相应生态环境保护具体对策。