Analysis of behavioral changes of zebrafish (Danio rerio) in response to formaldehyde using Self-organizing map and a hidden Markov model

Two computational methods were applied to classification of movement patterns of zebrafish (Danio rerio) to elucidate Markov processes in behavioral changes before and after treatment of formaldehyde (0.1 mg/L) in semi-natural conditions. The complex data of the movement tracks were initially classified by the Self-organizing map (SOM) to present different behavioral states of test individuals. Transition probabilities between behavioral states were further evaluated to fit Markov processes by using the hidden Markov model (HMM). Emission transition probability was also obtained from the observed variables (i.e., speed) for training with the HMM. Experimental transition and emission probability matrices were successfully estimated with the HMM for recognizing sequences of behavioral states with accuracy rates in acceptable ranges at central and boundary zones before (77.3-81.2%) and after (70.1-76.5%) treatment. A heuristic algorithm and a Markov model were efficiently combined to analyze movement patterns and could be a means of in situ behavioral monitoring tool.     

Knowledge gain and behavioral change in citizen-science programs

Citizen-science programs are often touted as useful for advancing conservation literacy, scientific knowledge, and increasing scientific-reasoning skills among the public. Guidelines for collaboration among scientists and the public are lacking and the extent to which these citizen-science initiatives change behavior is relatively unstudied. Over two years, we studied 82 participants in a three-day program that included education about non-native invasive plants and collection of data on the occurrence of those plants. Volunteers were given background knowledge about invasive plant ecology and trained on a specific protocol for collecting invasive plant data. They then collected data and later gathered as a group to analyze data and discuss responsible environmental behavior with respect to invasive plants. We tested whether participants without experience in plant identification and with little knowledge of invasive plants increased their knowledge of invasive species ecology, participation increased knowledge of scientific methods, and participation affected behavior. Knowledge of invasive plants increased on average 24%, but participation was insufficient to increase understanding of how scientific research is conducted. Participants reported increased ability to recognize invasive plants and increased awareness of effects of invasive plants on the environment, but this translated into little change in behavior regarding invasive plants. Potential conflicts between scientific goals, educational goals, and the motivation of participants must be considered during program design.     

关于环境监测学术研究的思考

阐述了环境监测学术研究的重要意义,指出了当前存在的主要问题,探讨了开展学术研究的主要途径与方法,提出了环境监测学术研究的方向性课题。     

云南省土壤环境质量分析系统设计与实现

土壤是人类赖以生存的基本要素之一,然而随着我国经济社会的发展,土壤环境污染日益严重,已威胁到各种陆生动植物的生态平衡。为落实环保部《关于加强土壤污染防治工作的意见》要求,2006年云南省土壤污染调查全面启动。系统运用Microsoft Visual Basic作为开发语言,SQL Server作为数据库,Arc GIS作为地图开发工具,来完成数据的导入和校验,统计、评价和对比的分析与查询,以及各类统计图表的自动生成。系统开发解决了庞大数据的管理与分析问题,对数据进行了生动的图表化表示并通过数据自动更新机制,简化了数据的管理工作,提高了《云南省土壤环境质量报告》的编制效率,对各级管理部门的决策工作具有较大的辅助意义。     

基于ADuC824的环境监测系统设计与实现

介绍了一种对环境情况进行监测的系统软硬件设计方案.以ADI公司的ADuC824单片机为核心芯片,结合各类传感器和外围元器件构建,系统集成了环境信息采集、信息识别转换、双机通信和微电子电路等多种新技术,采用多通道实时采集数据,并解决了环境参数复杂难数字化的问题,实现了对环境参数全面高效的监测.     

泥石流危险度测试模型与多传感器监测系统

为较准确地预测泥石流的发生,达到防灾减灾的目的,建立一种将多种传感器感知的动态监测信息与地质环境信息相结合的泥石流危险度预测模型。根据泥石流的形成条件和演化机理,量化研究发生泥石流的临界降雨强度、临界倾斜角和临界泥砂堆积层高度。基于该模型,设计并制作由雨量、倾斜、物位3种传感器组成的多传感器监控系统。分析和试验结果表明:该模型和监控系统具有预测泥石流危险度的功能,摄取的信息较全面,准确性更高,时效性更强,置信度较高。     

危险化学品道路运输安全管理现状及发展趋势研究

为降低危化品运输风险,从危化品运输风险评价、道路选线模型、技术应用、应急联动机制及平台建设、统一联控监管平台等方面进行研究分析。通过对微观视角与宏观视角、单一应用与综合应用的归类和对比,进行分析并指出存在的问题。分析表明,获取精确连续数据,考虑多种外在变量来完善评估模型,注重理论、技术和监管资源的综合应用,发展大区域联控平台将是今后研究的发展趋势。     

单兵用主动式听力保护技术研究现状分析

战场噪声是造成单兵听力损伤的重要原因,通常要求单兵处于大于85dBA的噪声环境中需佩戴听力保护装置。听力保护装置通常包括耳罩式和耳塞式。新型单兵用耳塞式听力保护装置具有听力保护、环境声音的监听、持续及脉冲噪声抑制、通信接入等多种功能。     

突发环境事件应急监测管理体系的研究

从突发环境事件应急监测主要任务、预案管理、管理体制、运行机制和法制建设等方面阐述环境应急监测管理“一案三制”建设中存在的问题和改进建议.     

宝钢环境信息化系统建设探索

系统介绍了宝钢环境信息化系统建设架构、功能、特点,以及对污染减排、环境自动监测及信息化技术进行有效融合后的应用实践,并对该信息化系统在提高环境监控能力,完善系统建设上提出扩展监控范围、提升功能等构想.