壳聚糖吸附处理废水的研究进展

壳聚糖吸附处理废水的研究包括其对废水吸附性能和吸附机理的研究两个方面。壳聚糖表现出了良好的吸附废水中重金属离子、染料分子和其它易引起变异物质的能力;壳聚糖对金属离子和染料的吸附机理模型研究理论意义重大,它将进一步推动壳聚糖的实际工程应用。     

酸浸粉煤灰混凝法处理制革废水的研究

笔者研究了在热电厂粉煤灰中加入少量的鼓风炉铁泥和适量的助溶剂HS,在加热条件下用稀硫酸搅拌浸取2h后,制得集物理吸附和化学混凝为一体的混凝剂。这种混凝剂与聚硅酸铝铁(PSAF)絮凝剂配合处理COD为1500～2000mg/L制革废水,SS,COD,硫化物和铬的去除率分别为95%,93%,92%和88%。该法的显著特点是混凝沉降速度快,污泥体积小,处理废水费用低,此外还探讨了酸浸粉煤灰混凝剂对制革废水的混凝沉降机理。      

模拟实验在四川炼油厂环境影响评价中的应用

为了研究拟建炼油厂表层土壤渗透情况及对特征污染物油的吸附和截留情况 ,实施了渗水实验 ,每隔30min测定一次渗水量 ,渗水实验时间为3h。还实施了土柱淋滤实验 ,土柱长度1.2m ,直径30cm ,装填高度1m ,土柱为五层 ,按层测定实验前后土壤中的含油量。实验结果表明 :预计事故排放及短时的含油污水泄漏 ,将不会对地下水环境质量造成大的影响。     

浅析宜宾市旅游资源开发的方向与对策

通过分析宜宾市旅游资源开发的现状及问题,对该市旅游资源的开发方向提出了自己的见解,并具体论述了该市旅游资源开发的对策。     

ARE SOILS LIKE SPONGES?1

ABSTRACT: The purpose of this paper is to explore the validity of the old analogy that “soil is like a sponge.” Laboratory experiments were conducted to measure two hydrologic properties of porous media: drainage under gravity, and water potential curves. A tipping bucket rain gage connected to a data logger was used to measure the rate at which water drained under the force of gravity from a trough filled with four saturated porous media ‐ cellulose sponges, topsoil, peat, and a medium sand. Pressure plate techniques were used to determine water potential curves for soil materials and sponges. In terms of relative cumulative discharge from the trough, sponges were intermediate between peat and topsoil. Because of their tremendous water‐holding capacity, sponges discharged more than 2.5 times as much water as did peat. The water potential curve for sponges was fairly flat, like that of topsoil, but the high water content across all pressures (0.30–15.0 bars) indicated some similarity to peat. The results of these experiments suggest that the general patterns of water retention and release in soil materials and sponges are similar and vary only in degree.     

多配位基螯合离子交换纤维的研究及其进展

离子交换纤锥作为具有高吸附佐的吸附材料，在金属离子的分离、富集、回收等方面，以及在水净处理净化处理领域得到了迅速的发展及应用，引起了人们的极大兴趣。本文对近十几年来离子交换纤维的合成方法路线、性能研究以及在痕量元素的分离、富集和水处理方面的应用进行了综述，并对目前离子交换纤维的研究中存在的问题提出了一些看法。     

絮凝-树脂吸附法处理高色度邻硝基苯胺废水

采用絮凝－树脂吸附法处理高色度邻硝基苯胺废水,比较了不同絮凝剂的处理效果。试验结果表明,用硫酸铝作絮凝剂,以生石灰作助凝剂,加入少量高分子絮凝剂进行絮凝沉降处理,然后用ＣＨＡ－１０１树脂进行吸附处理,处理后废水色度由≥１６０００倍降至４０倍以下,ＣＯＤ由≥５０００ｍｇ／Ｌ降至≤８０ｍｇ／Ｌ,ＰＨ６～７。     

Adsorption/Desorption of Polyvinyl Alcohol on Solid Substrates and Relevant Biodegradation

The rates and extents of absorption and desorption of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) samples on different solid substrates comprising montmorillonite, quartz sand, and farm soil, as well as humic acid mixture are reported. The uptake of PVA by the substrates was analyzed as a function of PVA hydrolysis (72–98%), molecular weight, and molecular weight distribution. Higher adsorption was detected on montmorillonite followed by farm soil, whereas the quartz sand did not display any specific adsorption affinity for the PVA. An increase in the hydrolysis degree of PVA increased the adsorption rate and extent whereas this feature was reversed by an increase in PVA molecular weight. The desorption of PVA samples from the different substrates was performed both under various pH conditions and in the presence of concentrated HF that was used to dissolve the silicon derivatives present in the substrates. Biodegradation experiments carried out in liquid cultures of PVA adsorbed on montmorillonite showed that the mineralization of the adsorbed PVA was much lower than that detected for the nonadsorbed PVA. This investigation suggests that irreversible adsorption of PVA on the clay component occurs in soil, thus substantially inhibiting PVA biodegradation.     

巷道放顶煤人-机-环境系统可靠性研究

应用系统可靠性和人 -机工程学理论 ,建立了急倾斜煤层巷道放顶煤人 -机 -环境系统可靠性模型 ,给出了系统可用度和生产能力的计算公式。结合开滦马家沟矿 972 3工作面人 -机-环境系统分析 ,探讨了提高系统可靠性和生产能力的有效途径。理论分析及实例计算结果表明 ,所建立的模型能简便地找出系统的薄弱环节 ,准确预测系统可用度和生产能力 ,从而为指导矿井设计和生产提供科学依据     

改性土壤对模拟含油废水中油的吸附

研究季铵盐阳离子表面活性剂四甲基铵离子 ( TMA)和十六烷基三甲基铵离子 ( HDTMA)改性的土壤 (黑土、黄棕壤、红壤 )对水中油的吸附作用 .结果表明 :改性土壤和未改性土壤均可吸附水中的油 ,但改性土壤对水中油的吸附能力明显高于未改性土壤 .改性土壤吸附油能力的顺序依次为 :1 CEC- HDTMA黑土 >1 CEC-HDTMA黄棕壤 >1 CEC- HDTMA红壤 >1 CEC-TMA黑土 >1 CEC-TMA黄棕壤 >1 CEC- TMA红壤 .未改性土壤和 HDTMA改性土壤对油的吸附通过分配来进行 ,吸附等温线可由 Henry方程表示 ,得出 logK_SOM为 2.69,logK_HDTMA为 3.35;TMA改性土壤对油的吸附符合 Langmuir方程 ,其对油的饱和吸附量分别为 1150 mg/kg( TMA黑土 ) ,751 mg/kg( TMA黄棕壤 ) ,172 mg/kg( TMA红壤 )