菲在沉积物上的吸附-解吸研究

采用批量实验的方法,研究了盐度对菲在沉积物上的吸附的影响以及菲的初始浓度、沉积物结构性质改变、盐度对菲解吸的影响,并深入讨论了不可逆吸附的机制.结果表明,提高盐度促进菲的吸附,促进程度与沉积物所含有机质（SOM）有关.由菲吸附增加计算得到的盐常数0.299 L·mol^-1高于由菲溶解度降低计算得到的盐常数0.125 L·mol^-1.菲的解吸具有不同程度的迟滞性,实验数据用Freundlich方程拟合,解吸迟滞性用热力学指数TII表征.随着菲初始加入浓度增加,TII值先降低后又增加,以淡水中菲的解吸为例,随着菲初始浓度由0.5 mg·L^-1增加到2.5 mg·L^-1,TII值先由0.80降到0.38又增加到0.55,表明解吸迟滞性呈先下降后增加的趋势.氢氧化钠处理后的沉积物与原沉积物相比解吸迟滞性减弱,TII值由0.55降到0.33,说明对菲的锁定能力变弱.首次报道了盐度对菲解吸的迟滞性影响,结果表明,菲的解吸迟滞性指数TII值由淡水中的0.55减少到盐水中的0.42,说明盐水中菲解吸迟滞性比淡水中弱,解吸迟滞性的变化可以用菲分布到的吸附点位能量高低不同以及菲分子是否能够锁定在吸附剂内部微孔来解释.     

名山河流域水稻土组分对微团聚体吸附-解吸铜的影响

以名山河流域典型的水稻土为例,利用模拟-培养试验和选择溶解法,研究各土壤组分对原土和不同粒径微团聚体吸附解吸Cu2+能力的影响.结果表明,去除土壤组分前后的原土和不同粒径微团聚体对Cu2+的吸附均用Langmuir方程拟合效果最佳,原土和不同粒径微团聚体对Cu2+的吸附能力大小顺序为:0.002mm2.000～0.250mm原土0.053～0.002mm0.250～0.053mm.与未去除土壤组分的原土相比,去除土壤组分的原土和微团聚体对Cu2+的吸附量均有所减小,尤其以去除有机质后对Cu2+吸附量的减小最为显著,在0.002mm微团聚体中减小值高达44.50%±2.77%,0.250～0.053mm微团聚体中Cu2+吸附量减小值最低,为37.68%±3.11%.经不同处理后原土和各粒径微团聚体吸附量减少的顺序为:去有机质去游离氧化铁去无定形氧化铁.去除各土壤组分后,原土和各粒径微团聚体对Cu2+的专性吸附降低,非专性吸附显著上升,降低了原土和各粒径微团聚体对Cu2+污染的缓冲能力,同时显示了各土壤组分在专性吸附中的重要性.     

Effect of temperature on the sorption and desorption of perfluorooctane sulfonate on humic acid

Sorption and desorption of perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) on humic acid at different temperatures were studied. It was found that the sorption process could be modeled with power kinetic equation very well, suggesting that diflusion predominated the sorption of PFOS on the humic acid. The sorption capacity was doubled when the temperature increased from 5 to 35°C, and thermodynamics parameters △G0 was calculated to be -7.11 to -5.04 kJ/mol, △H0 was 14.2 kJ/mol, and △S 0 was 69.5 J/(mol·K), indicating that the sorption was a spontaneous, endothermic, and entropy driven process. Desorption hysteresis occurred at all studied temperatures which suggested that humic acid may be an important sink of PFOS in the environment.     

采用蒸气吹脱解附法对废弃活性炭回收醋酸丁酯的试验研究

试验用废弃活性炭做回收醋酸丁酯的研究,采用蒸气吹脱解附法,设计制作活性炭解吸塔,考察蒸气用量对活性炭解吸的影响,同时确定最佳解吸时间及可回收的丁酯量,并探讨回收醋酸丁酯的同时能够再生活性炭的试验条件。     

Effects of maize root exudates and organic acids on the desorption of phenanthrene from soils

The effects of maize root exudates and low-molecular-weight-organic anions (LMWOAs) on the desorption of phenanthrene from eight artificially contaminated soils were evaluated. A significant negative correlation was observed between the amounts of phenanthrene desorbed and the soil organic carbon (SOC) contents (P<0.01), and the influences of soil pH and clay content on phenanthrene desorption were insignificant (P>0.1). Neither maize root exudates nor oxalate and citrate anions influenced desorption of phenanthrene with the addition of NAN3. A faster phenanthrene desorption occurred without the addition of NaN3 in the presence of maize root exudates than oxalate or citrate due to the enhanced degradation by root exudates. Without the addition of NaN3, oxalate or citrate at different concentrations could inhibit phenanthrene desorption to different extents and the inhibiting effect by citrate was more significant than by oxalate. This study leads to the conclusion that maize root exudates can not enhance the desorption under abiotic condition with the addition of NaN3 and can promote the desorption of phenanthrene in soils without the addition of NAN3.     

Chitosan and chemically modified chitosan beads for acid dyes sorption

The capabilities of chitosan and chitosan-EGDE (ethylene glycol diglycidyl ether) beads for removing Acid Red 37 (AR 37) and Acid Blue 25 (AB 25) from aqueous solution were examined. Chitosan beads were cross-linked with EGDE to enhance its chemical resistance and mechanical strength. Experiments were performed as a function of pH, agitation period and concentration of AR 37 and AB 25. It was shown that the adsorption capacities of chitosan were comparatively higher than chitosan-EGDE for both acid dyes. This is mainly because cross-linking using EGDE reduces the major adsorption sites -NH3+ on chitosan. Langmuir isotherm model showed best conformity compared to Freundlich and BET. The kinetic experimental data agreed very well to the pseudo second-order kinetic model. The desorption study revealed that after three cycles of adsorption and desorption by NaOH and HCl, both adsorbents retained their promising adsorption abilities. FT-IR analysis proved that the adsorption of acid dyes onto chitosan-based adsorbents was a physical adsorption. Results also showed that chitosan and chitosan-EGDE beads were favourable adsorbers and could be employed as low-cost alternatives for the removal of acid dyes in wastewater treatment.     

菲在四种碳纳米管上的解吸行为研究

碳纳米材料是当前环境领域关注的热点之一.本研究以菲为模型污染物,以Tenax TA树脂为助解吸剂,研究了菲在4种碳纳米管上的非生物解吸动力学以及碳纳米管理化性质对菲解吸的影响机理.结果表明,当老化60d,碳纳米管上菲初始吸附量为578mg·kg-1时,解吸30d后菲累积解吸量随时间变化不明显,解吸35d后碳纳米管上菲的...     

对硝基酚在超高交联吸附树脂NDA-701上的脱附行为研究

通过碱当量选择、脱附动力学以及固定床吸附-脱附实验,研究了对硝基酚在自制的超高交联吸附树脂NDA-701上的脱附行为,考察了2个温度下不同碱当量比(MNaOH/4-NP)对树脂脱附率的影响;研究了3个脱附温度和3种MNaOH/4-NP值情况下NDA-701的脱附动力学性能;考察了NDA-701的固定床吸附性能和不同脱附...     

基于土壤中多环芳烃解吸特性的生物修复效果评价

采用XAD-2树脂辅助解吸方法测试了生物堆修复前后土壤中荧蒽、苯并(a)蒽、苯并(a)芘、苯并苝这4种PAHs的解吸特性,并根据解吸结果进行了生物修复效果评价.结果表明,土壤中这4种PAHs的累计解吸量随解吸时间延长而增加,但解吸速率逐渐降低,符合"两阶段"解吸模型,生物修复前土壤中不同种类PAHs"快解吸"量占PAHs总量的32%～70%,修复后土壤中不同种类PAHs"快解吸"量占PAHs总量的14%～39%.经过6个月的生物修复,基于生物可利用含量变化的荧蒽、苯并(a)蒽、苯并(a)芘、苯并苝修复效率依次为82.9%、79.7%、64.9%、54.3%,,明显高于基于PAHs总含量的生物修复效率61.0%、51.7%、37.2%、38.7%.     

Comparison of dynamic adsorption/desorption characteristics of toluene on different porous materials

Four different types of adsorbents, SBA-15, MCM-41, NaY and SiO₂, were used to study the dynamic adsorption/desorption of toluene. To further investigate the influence of pore structure on its adsorption performance, two SBA-15 samples with different microspores were also selected. It is shown that microporous material NaY has the largest adsorption capacity of 0.2873 mL/g, and the amorphous SiO₂ exhibits the least capacity of 0.1003 mL/g. MCM-41 also shows a lower break through capacity in spite of the relatively small pore diameter, because it can not provide the necessary small geometric confinement for the tiny adsorbates. However, the mesoporous SBA-15 silica with certain micropore volume shows relatively higher adsorption capacity than that of MCM-41 silica. The presence of micropores directly leads to an increase in the dynamic adsorption capacity of toluene. Although NaY has the highest adsorption capacity for toluene, its complete desorption temperature for toluene is high (>350℃), which limits its wide application. On the contrary, mesoporous silica materials exhibits a good desorption performance for volatile organic compounds at lower temperatures. Among these materials mesoporous SBA-15 samples, with a larger amount micropores and a lower desorption temperature, are a potentially interesting adsorbent for the removal of volatile organic compounds. This behavior should been related with the best synergetic effect of mesopores and micropores.