微波辐照程序升温与恒温解吸载甲苯活性炭

利用微波作为加热手段,采用恒温解吸和程序升温解吸两种方法对吸附了甲苯的活性炭进行了解吸研究。两种方法的操作条件分别为:1.恒温400℃;2.程序升温,初始温度及升温幅度均为100℃,每个温度点保持时间10min,终温500℃保持5min。结果表明,微波恒温解吸和程序升温解吸产生的甲苯气体浓度最高可达到56.7g/m3、28.7g/m3;两种解吸方法都可以在45min左右使活性炭达到90%以上的解吸效率。对两种方法的能量消耗进行分析后发现,相比400℃恒温解吸,程序升温解吸的能量消耗可以降低23.7%。     

苯系物在红壤不同粒径组分上的吸附-解吸行为

根据粒径将红壤组分分为4种(0.002 mm、0.002~0.05mm、0.05~0.25 mm、0.25~2 mm),研究了苯系物(邻二甲苯、对二甲苯和乙苯混合物,BTEX)在不同粒径组分上的吸附-解吸行为。结果表明,两区非平衡模型可以很好地拟合红壤不同粒径组分对BTEX的吸附动力学,吸附量随红壤粒径减小而增大。红壤不同粒径组分对BTEX的吸附-解吸过程接近于线性(R20.98),Kd随粒径减小而增大,表明红壤粒径的差异极大地影响了BTEX的吸附行为。同时,BTEX在红壤不同粒径组分上的解吸存在不同程度的滞后现象,滞后系数HI随粒径减小而增大。BTEX的解吸滞后现象比多环芳烃和石油烃明显,可能是由于BTEX的分子较小,易进入颗粒孔隙内部成为不可逆吸附部分而不容易解吸。通过XRD及FTIR分析了红壤不同粒径组分吸附BTEX前后的特征。XRD的分析结果表明,BTEX主要吸附于高岭石和伊利石表面;FTIR的结果表明,BTEX主要与羧酸酯、酚式羟基等官能团相结合而吸附于土壤颗粒上。     

超声热效应下型煤中气体解吸规律试验研究

为了研究超声热效应对于气体解吸的影响规律,利用自行研制的具备施加超声功能的吸附解吸装置,对吸附饱和氮气的型煤试件开展超声热效应下的气体解吸试验。利用试验数据,拟合出了不同氮气压力下超声热效应作用过程中温度变化方程,解吸量方程及解吸速率方程。同时,对解吸量方程和解吸速率方程进行了试验数据验证。结果表明:超声热效应作用能够有效地提高型煤试样的温度,提高氮气的解吸130.9%～145.8%。验证结果相对误差集中在5%以内,拟合方程能够反映出超声热效应作用过程中解吸量及解吸速率的变化情况。     

Adsorption of caesium from aqueous solution using cerium molybdate–pan composite

In this study, a cerium molybdate–polyacrylonitrile (CM–PAN) composite ion exchanger was synthesised and its characteristics were determined by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transformed infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), thermogravimetry (TGA), specific area measurement (BET), X-ray fluorescence and CHN elemental analyses. The adsorption of caesium from aqueous solutions by CM–PAN composite was investigated under batch and continuous conditions. The distribution coefficient of caesium on the composite sorbent was studied as a function of pH, solution temperature and the presence of interfering cations, and the optimum conditions for a batch system were determined. Pseudo-first- and second-order sorption kinetic models were used to investigate the kinetics of adsorption and the results pointed to the pseudo-second-order model for caesium sorption kinetics. The intraparticle diffusion model was used to the predict rate-limiting step of the ion exchange process in order to specify the sorption mechanism. Langmuir, Freundlich and Dubinin–Radushkevich (D–R) isotherm models were fitted to the experimental sorption data, where the Freundlich model showed a good agreement. The adsorption thermodynamic parameters, standard enthalpy, entropy and Gibbs’ free energy were calculated and the reaction was found to be endothermic and spontaneous. Finally, the dynamic sorption capacities of the sorbent at two breakthroughs were calculated from the continuous system.     

Elucidation of phosphorous sorption by calcareous soils using principal component analysis

This study was conducted to understand the mechanisms governing P-sorption and desorption by calcareous soils (up to 48% CaCO ₃). Batch experiments with KCl as background were carried out by adding varying amount of P up to 100 mgP.L^?1. The desorption percentage (%DES) results show that little P was released from the adsorbed phase. Principal component analysis was applied to evaluate the combined influence of soil components on P sorption. The complex P sorption process can be related to specific soil components by the following equation: P? sorption=?2.20 (CaCO ₃% )?0.04 (Fe? oxide)+0.04 (pHe)+11.02 (sand % )+3.35 (silt)?10.73 (clay)?1.24 (EC)?0.22 (OM)?0.81 (CEC)?1.93 (P? Olsen) (R²=0.9941, SSE=380). Sand% and clay% are the most significant variables for modelling P sorption data. The derived equation could be applied to predict P sorption in other soils that have similar compositions to those investigated herein. The degree of P saturation (DPS) threshold level for all soils was less than 3% except in the soil with the lowest iron oxide. All of the studied soils have exceeded the environmentally unacceptable P concentration except the soil with the lowest iron oxide content.     

强碱性阴离子交换树脂对苦味酸的吸附与解吸性能

研究了强碱性阴离子交换树脂(简称树脂)对苦味酸的吸附与解吸性能,探讨了吸附的热力学和动力学特性以及吸附机理.实验结果表明:树脂对苦味酸的吸附量随吸附温度升高而增大;溶液pH为2.7 ～12.0时树脂的苦味酸吸附量最大,稳定在120 mg/g以上;树脂对苦味酸的等温吸附规律符合Freundlich模型,相关系数大于0.9...     

重金属离子天然吸附剂的解吸与再生

总结了重金属离子的天然吸附剂的解吸与再生的研究进展.着重论述了各类解吸剂的解吸原理、解吸特点和解吸性能.指出无机酸解吸剂是价廉高效的理想解吸剂,其中盐酸可在低浓度下达到较高的解吸率,且对吸附剂性能没有损害,而强碱溶液是以阴离子基团形式存在的Cr~(6+)的专有解吸剂.在解吸过程中采用超声波或微波有助于提高解吸率.多数天然吸附剂都具有良好的再生能力,经5次吸附-解吸循环操作仍能保持原有的吸附性能.     

挥发性有机物(VOCS)活性炭吸附回收技术综述

随着我国经济建设的发展,各类有机溶剂的应用越来越广,有机废气的排放量也随之逐年增加,其所带来的空气污染等环境问题已经引起全世界的关注。过去,研究人员主要致力于开发高效的VOCs控制技术。随着我国建立可持续社会目标的提出,越来越多的人开始关注经济有效的VOCs回收方法。本文重点介绍了活性炭吸附回收VOCs的工艺现状和研究进展,并预测了VOCs分离回收技术的发展趋势。     

甲酚异构体在活性炭上的吸附与解吸平衡特性

以邻、间、对甲酚为模拟废水,考察甲基的取代位置对吸附和解吸特性的影响,并以此评价活性炭吸附生物再生工艺处理甲酚废水的可行性.平衡数据经Freundlich模型拟合后表明,活性炭(AC)对3种甲酚的吸附能力由大到小的顺序为：对甲酚>邻甲酚>间甲酚,与pK_a呈正相关,与可溶性和氧化电极电位呈负相关;解吸能力由大到小的顺序为：邻甲酚>间甲酚>对甲酚,与沸点和黏度呈负相关.此外,对比吸附和解吸平衡曲线,发现吸附不可逆性是两曲线差异的重要原因,并结合数理统计的方法推导出理论不可逆吸附量的计算方法,得到AC对邻、间、对甲酚的不可逆吸附量Qi分别为27.9、 28.5、 33.4 mg/g.     

苄嘧磺隆对Cu2+在粘土矿物上吸附-脱附的影响

选择两种粘土矿物Ca－蒙脱石和高岭石作为吸附体，研究Cu^2 的吸附－脱附行为，以及苄嘧磺隆对Cu^2 吸附－脱附的影响，结果表明，Cu62 在比表面积、CEC大的Ca－蒙脱石上吸附量较高；而在比表面积、CEC小的高岭石上吸附量较低，蒙脱石对Cu^2 的吸附主要是静电吸附，吸附的Cu^2 较易脱附；高岭石主要通过专性吸附机制而吸附Cu^2 ，吸附的Cu^2 较难脱附，苄嘧磺隆对Cu^2 在粘土矿物上吸附－脱附的影响显著，苄嘧磺隆增加了Cu^2 在Ca-蒙脱石上的吸附，苄嘧磺隆作为桥而连接Ca-蒙脱石和Cu^2 ，苄嘧磺隆的浓度越高，Cu^2 的吸附量越大，解吸量赵低，苄嘧磺隆对Cu^2 在高岭石上吸附的影响，则是低pH值增加Cu^2 吸附，高pH值时降低Cu^2 吸附，解吸率的变化相反。