间硝基酚在超高交联树脂上的吸附性能

研究了5种吸附树脂(NDA-88、NDA-99、NDA-150、AM-1和XAD-4)对间硝基酚的静态吸附行为.结果表明,3种超高交联树脂(NDA-88、NDA-99和NDA-150)对间硝基酚的吸附效果都比较好.并研究了NDA-88树脂对间硝基酚的饱和吸附和脱附行为.结果显示,NDA-88树脂对间硝基酚的饱和吸附量为3.5 mmol/g,该树脂吸附间硝基酚后容易洗脱,用乙醇:2 mol/LNaOH(体积比1:1)作脱附剂,温度328 K,脱附剂用量为3 BV(床体积)时,脱附率约96%.用NDA-88树脂处理含硝基酚废水,废水的处理量为40 BV时,COD平均去除率约91%,树脂吸附性能良好.     

盐液浸提辅助微波再生废油脱水树脂及机制分析

对用于废油脱水的聚丙烯酸钠树脂在盐液浸提辅助微波脱附再生过程中的脱附特性和再生使用性能进行了研究。实验结果表明,盐液浸提辅助微波处理的脱附速率是普通热处理的5～6倍,且能耗更低,脱附率更高,树脂床层温升速率更快,温度峰值却更低,说明盐液浸提对微波处理具有明显辅助效果;树脂再生性能测试结果表明,盐液浸提辅助微波处理的树脂再生使用性能最好,孔结构破坏更少。分析认为,微波选择加热特性以及盐液浸提导致树脂内外渗透压降低和方向改变是盐液浸提辅助微波处理具有良好脱附效果的关键机制。     

GC-C-IRMS测定污染场地土壤中苯系物单体碳同位素比值

选取苯系物中的代表性组分苯、甲苯和二甲苯等化合物,通过热脱附、气相色谱质谱条件的优化及方法学考察,建立了热脱附进样-气相色谱-同位素比值质谱(GC-C-IRMS)测定苯系物单体碳同位素比值的方法。结果表明,单体化合物进样量在0.3μg以上均能满足测定要求;与直接进样方式相比,热脱附进样对单体碳同位素比值测定无分馏影响;标准溶液和苯系物土壤样品测定结果的RSD分别为1.0%~1.7%和0.3%~2.6%。     

低分子量有机酸影响可变电荷土壤吸附铜的机制

采用平衡实验法研究了水杨酸和邻苯二甲酸对砖红壤吸附铜的影响,并通过吸附铜的解吸实验探讨了有机酸对铜吸附的影响机制.结果表明,有机酸可以增加土壤对铜的吸附量,与对照相比,有机酸体系中吸附的铜的解吸量高.有机酸对铜吸附的影响随体系pH值的增加而增大,约在pH4.3(水杨酸体系)或pH4.5(邻苯二甲酸体系)达最大,然后逐渐减小.土壤对有机酸的吸附量越高,有机酸对铜吸附的影响程度越大.有机酸可以通过形成表面三元络合物和改变土壤的表面电荷2种机制影响土壤对铜的吸附.水杨酸体系中铜的解吸增量与吸附增量的百分比在76%～89%之间,说明水杨酸主要是通过增加土壤表面的净负电荷量来增加铜的静电吸附量.     

Biosorption characteristics of unicellular green alga Chlorella sorokiniana immobilized in loofa sponge for removal of Cr（Ⅲ）

Loofa sponge （LS） immobilized biomass of Chlorella sorokiniana （LSIBCS）, isolated from industrial wastewater, was investigated as a new biosorbent for the removal of Cr（Ⅲ） from aqueous solution. A comparison of the biosorption of Cr（Ⅲ） by LSIBCS and free biomass of C. sorokiniana （FBCS） from 10-300 mg Cr（Ⅲ）/L aqueous solutions showed an increase in uptake of 17.79% when the microalgal biomass was immobilized onto loofa sponge. Maximum biosorption capacity for LSIBCS and FBCS was found to be 69.26 and 58.80 mg Cr（Ⅲ）/g biosorbent, respectively, whereas the amount of Cr（Ⅲ） ions adsorbed onto naked LS was 4.97 mg/g. The kinetics of Cr（Ⅲ） biosorption was extremely rapid and equilibrium was established in about 15 and 20 min by LSIBCS and FBCS, respectively. The biosorption equilibrium was well defined by Langmuir adsorption isotherm model. The biosorption kinetics followed the pseudo-second order kinetic model. The biosorption was found to be pH dependent and the maximum sorption occurred at the solution pH 4.0. Desorption studies showed that 98% of the adsorbed Cr（Ⅲ） could be desorbed with 0.1 mol/L HNO3, while other desorbing agents were less effective in the order： EDTA 〉 H2SO4 〉 CH3COOH 〉 HCl. The regenerated LSIBCS retained 92.68% of the initial Cr（Ⅲ） binding capacity up to five cycles of reuse in continuous flow-fixed bed columns. The study revealed that LSIBCS could be used as an effective biosorbent for the removal of Cr（Ⅲ） from wastewater.