应用强化混凝过程控制水中的剩余腐殖酸与残留铝

为达到最大的腐殖酸去除和最小的铝残留,采用了强化混凝技术,研究了各因素对混凝过程的影响.实验结果表明,在20℃,pH为6～6.5,AlCl₃投加量为0.5×10^-3mol/L的条件下,控制水中的剩余腐殖酸在0.04 cm^-1以下,并能同时有效控制残留铝在0.1 mg/L左右.加入0.01 mol/L的CaCl₂对混凝效果有一定的促进作用.同时由于原水中悬浮颗粒随季节变化,模拟了不同投量的高岭土对腐殖酸去除过程的影响.     

南方酸性森林土壤中铝的形态分布与活化机理

利用华南和西南森林小流域的长期观测结果,综合分析了土壤酸化过程中铝的形态分布与活化机理.结果显示,土壤水中单体铝（Ala）在10—400μmo·lL-1之间,其在不同流域的差异与土壤酸化密切相关.无机铝（Ali）是土壤水中单体铝的主要形态,有机铝（Alo）比例不足20%.在酸度高的土壤中Al3＋是无机铝的主要形态,在酸...     

砖红壤磷的有效性研究

研究生长在两种不同母质的砖红壤上的作物的P营养与土壤有效P的关系，以及土壤有效P与Fe、Al、Mn等元素的关系。结果表明，玄武岩砖红壤的全P含量虽比浅海沉积物砖红壤高，但其有效P含量却不如后者高，生长在后种土壤上的香蕉、辣椒、桉树的P含量也高于生长在前种土壤上；玄武岩砖红壤的活性Fe、Al、Mn含量显著高于浅海沉积物砖红壤；同一种母质的土壤其有效P含量随土壤活性Si和交换性Ca、Mg的提高而增加；土壤中活性Fe、Al、Mn含量越高，土壤对磷的固定越强，土壤有效P含量越低。同时，植物体内Fe、Al、Mn含量的增加也抑制了植物对磷的吸收，使植株中P含量降低。     

改性秸秆-铝盐复合絮凝剂的制作与应用

以铝盐、作物秸秆为主要原料,用氢氧化钠、氯乙酸通过碱化和醚化对秸秆进行改性,在一定条件下与铝盐合成了一种新型的无机天然有机复合絮凝剂（定名为SPA）,研究了其对高岭土模拟废水的吸光度和浊度去除性能,并对几个主要影响因素作了考察。结果表明：SPA对该模拟废水有较好的处理效果,5 mL SPA/1 L高岭土悬液的投量就可以获得吸光度和浊度88%以上的去除率,室温即可达到最佳处理效果,且pH值适应范围广,大约为3～9。还进行了SPA和铝盐对市政污水的处理效果的对比分析,试验结果表明：对其出水的吸光度去除率、浊度去除率和SS去除率来说,SPA都比铝盐的处理效果好;SPA对COD的去除效果比铝盐略差,但是在低投量时其COD去除率为65%,可以满足污水初级处理的要求。     

An investigation on the dust explosion of micron and nano scale aluminium particles

A series of dust explosion were conducted to compare the flame structure between nano and micron aluminium dusts. Two-color pyrometer technique is applied to have qualitative observation of flame development. Measurement of temperature indicates that explosion in micron aluminium dust clouds start in a single spot at 3000 K, in contrast, explosion in nano aluminium dust clouds start when hot powder accumulated to a certain amount at lower temperature of 2600 K. For micron aluminium dust clouds, flame at leading edge has the highest temperature and propagates in all directions. On the other hand, flame in nano aluminium dust clouds propagate only upward with the hottest part left behind at the downside. As flame propagates, the temperature at top edge gradually decreases from 2600 K to finally 2000 K, but temperature at bottom edge maintains in 3000 K with no significant displacement. The unevenness of flame structure is considered as the consequence of different particle densities, which suggests that the reaction of nano aluminium particles stays in molten state, meanwhile, the high surface area also leads to unignorable heat loss.     

改性与成型层状氢氧化镁铝对不同水体中PO43- 的脱除性能

利用大型工业设备制备出性能稳定的粉末层状氢氧化镁铝(500 kg.批-1,记为Mg-Al LDH),采用沉积法将Mg-Al LDH进行改性与成型,研究了改性与成型层状氢氧化镁铝(记为MG Mg-Al CLDH)对水溶液、废水、不同地带海水中PO34-的动态吸附脱除及再生性能.结果表明,MG Mg-Al CLDH能够有效脱除不同水体中的PO34-,满足污水综合排放一级标准或海水水质一级标准.MG Mg-Al CLDH对PO34-脱除主要是通过离子交换和"结构记忆"效应共同实现的.MG Mg-Al CLDH对水溶液中PO34-的穿透吸附量是未改性时的6倍以上,再生率为126.24%,PO34-的穿透曲线受固定床高度、流量、溶液初始浓度、溶液初始pH值的影响,液膜扩散是吸附过程的主控步骤.当溶液初始浓度低至4.61 mg.L-1时,MG Mg-Al CLDH能将某污水处理厂二级出水中PO34-有效脱除,满足污水综合排放一级标准.当PO34-浓度低至0.38μmol.L-1,MG Mg-Al CLDH仍能将其从海水中有效脱除,达到海水水质一级标准,为解决Mg-Al LDH在实际应用中存在粉末易堵塞床体、无法实现固液分离和再生的问题及水体中磷的脱除提供了一条新型可行之路.     

三种化合物浸泡处理对石棉晶格结构和表面电荷的影响

为了研究经柠檬酸铝、混合稀土或亚硒酸钠浸泡处理温石棉对温石棉晶格结构和表面电荷的影响,用不同浓度的柠檬酸铝、混合稀土或亚硒酸钠溶液浸泡温石棉1小时后,通过透射电镜测定其衍射环直径的大小,分析石棉晶格结构的改变,并利用石棉纤维吸附亚甲蓝能力的测定方法,分析温石棉表面电荷。结果显示,用三种化合物处理石棉后,其衍射环直径均增大,而且用三种化合物处理后的石棉对亚甲蓝的吸附能力均明显降低,并且随着化合物剂量的增加其降低愈明显。上述结果表明,用三种化合物处理石棉,均可改变石棉的晶格结构,且可能减少其表面电荷。     

Protective effect of Spirulina platensis against aluminium-induced nephrotoxicity and DNA damage in rats

The protective effect of Spirulina platensis (SP) powder against aluminium-induced nephrotoxicity and DNA damage in rats was studied. Male rats receiving daily 40 mg/kg b.wt. aluminium chloride (AlCl₃) orally had increased serum levels of urea and creatinine, up regulated kidney injury molecule-1 and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1 genes, down regulated catalase and glutathione peroxidase genes, and increased all parameters of kidney DNA damage using comet assay. Treatment with SP alleviated all AlCl₃-induced effects of toxicity, especially when the animals were pre-treated.     

多孔不锈钢基氧化铝膜去除水溶液中的Cr(VI)和Cd(II)

通过悬浮粒子浸涂法将合成的γ-Al₂O₃纳米粒子固载于316L多孔不锈钢表面以吸附水溶液中的Cr（VI）和Cd（Ⅱ）.扫描电镜（SEM）和X射线衍射（XRD）测试结果表明,γ相的Al₂O₃纳米粒子均匀地涂在了316L多孔不锈钢基体上,膜体表面沉积厚度约为20 μm.该膜对单一Cr（VI）和Cd（Ⅱ）吸附的最佳pH分别为3.0~4.0和8.0~9.0,吸附均符合动力学准二级模型和Langmuir吸附等温模型,最大吸附量分别为0.603 mg·g^-1和0.399 mg·g^-1.本研究可为水体中的高毒性重金属Cr（VI）和Cd（Ⅱ）去除提供一定的理论和技术参考.     

Environmental and economic benefit of recycling model of packaging waste:a case study on aluminum

In order to achieve sustainable utilization of natural resources, save energy and protect environment and ecosystem, it is important for a region or a nation to develop and implement a viable waste recycling model from both theoretical and practical point of view. Some packaging recycling models operated in developed countries are introduced in this article. Aluminium can recovery and recycling is emphasized. Cost effective, economic and environmental benefit of different models are compared and analyzed. The result shows that all recycling models have their characteristics due to the initial purpose of recovery and the situation of the implementing country. However, all the models contribute to the reduction of municipal solid waste disposal and resources conservation.