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971.
利用生物沥浸法和以添加石灰与三氯化铁为代表的化学法对污泥进行调理,继而采用隔膜厢式压滤机深度脱水是目前在我国应用较为广泛的工艺,但系统比较两种工艺所产生的污泥的堆肥效果的研究还很鲜见.为此,本试验分别对相同来源的污泥用两种方法进行调理后再用机械脱水,将获得的污泥饼进行工程化高温好氧堆肥,并以相同来源的常规脱水污泥(CS,指含水率80%左右的污泥)作为对照,探究其堆肥过程及产品性质的差异.结果表明,采用条垛式堆肥(条垛底宽2.8 m、高1.2 m、长10 m),生物沥浸污泥(BS)和石灰调理污泥(LS)堆肥所需辅料仅为CS的9.1%.尽管BS堆体中的NH+4-N含量始终最高,但其氨气挥发量仅为LS堆体的9.7%和CS堆体的31.4%.42 d时各堆体的CO2释放速率和水溶性C/N相比堆肥前均明显下降,说明堆体均已腐熟.LS堆肥产品的种子发芽指数(GI)仅为57.3%,而BS堆肥产品和CS堆肥产品的GI均为90%左右,显然后两者对种子的毒害已完全消除.此外,BS堆肥产品中的养分含量(N+P2O5+K2O)明显高于LS堆肥产品和CS堆肥产品,总养分分别高出28.5%和73.0%;其速效养分指标WSN亦分别高出40.6%和102%.综上所述,较之LS堆肥或CS堆肥,采用BS高温堆肥不仅可以显著减少辅料的添加量,且其堆肥过程中的氨气损失少,堆肥产品腐熟度好,养分含量高,因此,污泥生物沥浸处理-高温发酵技术是对推动堆肥后土地利用极有帮助的深度脱水工艺和资源化方法. 相似文献
972.
分别采用SBR反应器和MBR反应器驯化培养亚硝化污泥和厌氧氨氧化(anaerobic ammonia oxidation,ANAMMOX)污泥,并通过微生物包埋技术将两类污泥分别包埋,构建亚硝化-厌氧氨氧化(partial nitrification-ANAMMOX,PN/A)双菌层系统.短期实验证明该系统中亚硝化菌(ammonia oxidizing bacteria,AOB)和ANAMMOX菌在不同阶段分别起主导作用,维持系统的酸碱平衡,并实现NH+4-N的高效去除(98.8%).长期实验表明,在溶解氧受限时,PN/A双菌层系统能够有效提高系统对溶解氧的利用效率,并增强系统的稳定性和脱氮效能.在溶解氧为1.0 mg·L~(-1),进水NH+4-N质量浓度分别为200 mg·L~(-1)和400 mg·L~(-1)时,对照组脱氮效率仅为58.1%和61.4%,而PN/A双菌层系统脱氮效率均稳定在80%左右;溶解氧为3.0mg·L~(-1),进水NH+4-N质量浓度为400 mg·L~(-1)时,PN/A双菌层系统总氮去除率达87.9%,总氮积累负荷(NLR)为0.4kg·(m3·d)-1,总氮去除负荷(NRR)为12.8 mg·(g·h)-1. 相似文献
973.
Long-term exposure of nitrifiers to high concentrations of free ammonia(FA) and free nitrous acid(FNA) may affect nitrifiers activity and nitrous oxide(N_2O) emission.Two sequencing batch reactors(SBRs) were operated at influent ammonium nitrogen(NH_4-N) concentrations of 800 mg/L(SBRH) and 335 mg/L(SBRL),respectively.The NH_4-N removal rates in SBRHand SBRLwere around 2.4 and 1.0 g/L/day with the nitritation efficiencies of 99.3% and 95.7%,respectively.In the simulated SBR cycle,the N_2O emission factors were 1.61% in SBRH and 2.30% in SBRL.N_2O emission was affected slightly by FA with the emission factor of0.22%–0.65%,while N_2O emission increased with increasing FNA concentrations with the emission factor of 0.22%–0.96%.The dominant ammonia oxidizing bacteria(AOB) were Nitrosomonas spp.in both reactors,and their relative proportions were 38.89% in SBRHand13.36% in SBRL.Within the AOB genus,a species(i.e.,operational taxonomic unit [OTU] 76) that was phylogenetically identical to Nitrosomonas europaea accounted for 99.07% and 82.04% in SBRHand SBRL,respectively.Additionally,OTU 215,which was related to Nitrosomonas stercoris,accounted for 16.77% of the AOB in SBRL. 相似文献
974.
975.
人工湿地生物沸石快速吸附-再生性能与再生机理研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
在填充生物沸石和石灰石的强化硝化模拟人工湿地中,考察了生物沸石快速吸附-再生动态平衡性能和生物沸石再生的机理.研究结果表明,生物沸石模拟人工湿地中硝化作用明显,产生的氧化态氮主要为硝氮,平均浓度为106.31 mg·L~(-1)(大于吸附去除的氨氮浓度).模拟人工湿地出水中的金属阳离子主要为Na+和Ca~(2+),30 d后Ca~(2+)浓度大于Na+浓度.生物沸石的再生是离子交换释放氨氮和微生物协同作用的结果.石灰石缓慢释放的Ca~(2+)可促进生物沸石再生,生物沸石与石灰石投加量的最佳质量比为5∶1.生物沸石再生过程中,微生物起主导作用. 相似文献
976.
总氨氮在餐厨垃圾厌氧消化系统中的积累及其抑制作用 总被引:4,自引:3,他引:1
为研究总氨氮(TAN)在餐厨垃圾中温干式厌氧消化系统内的积累及抑制作用,在单相完全搅拌式(CSTR)反应器内进行餐厨垃圾中温厌氧消化,反应器在3 g·L-1·d-1(以VS计)的负荷下连续运行230余天,期间不断监测TAN及其余物化指标的变化.试验结果表明,TAN在系统内的积累呈现先快后慢的趋势,且不会持续积累,而是积累到一定程度后会保持稳定.游离氨(FAN)是氨抑制中起主导作用的因素,FAN大于150 mg·L-1时就会影响到系统效率;大于200 mg·L-1时会影响系统稳定性;大于300 mg·L-1后会产生强烈抑制,引发稳态型抑制,甚至导致系统出现泡沫.此外,氨抑制会影响系统产气动力学,导致产气速率降低,产气量减少.寻找合理的措施消除氨抑制对保障系统稳定运行具有重要意义. 相似文献
977.
978.
G. L. Samsel J. R. Reed H. J. Winfrey 《Journal of the American Water Resources Association》1972,8(4):825-833
ABSTRACT. Laboratory and field studies were initiated to evaluate at regular intervals by 14C and chlorophyll enrichment bioassay some of the nutrients, particularly ammonia, that might limit phytoplankton photosynthesis in two central Virginia ponds. Preliminary comparisons of the phytoplankton, their production, and the chemical characteristics of the water were determined. Ammonia, phosphate, nitrate, iron, carbon dioxide, silica and chloride differed most markedly among the various nutrients analyzed. Investigations were continued to compare the validity of using field and laboratory ecosystem work to predict changes in trophic levels resulting from nutrient enrichment, i.e., eutrophication. Laboratory experiments using aquatic microecosystems and field experiments employing in situ plastic cylinders and battery jars support the view that ammonia is a key factor regulating “trophic” features in these two ponds. 相似文献
979.
Nitrification performance of nitrifying bacteria immobilized in waterborne
polyurethane at low ammonia nitrogen concentrations 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
Suspended and waterborne polyurethane immobilized nitrifying bacteria have been adopted for evaluating the e ects of environmental
changes, such as temperature, dissolved oxygen (DO) concentration and pH, on nitrification characteristics under conditions
of low ammonia concentrations. The results showed that nitrification was prone to complete with increasing pH, DO and temperature.
Sensitivity analysis demonstrated the e ects of temperature and pH on nitrification feature of suspended bacteria were slightly greater
than those of immobilized nitrifying bacteria. Immobilized cells could achieve complete nitrification at low ammonia concentrations
when DO was su cient. Continuous experiments were carried out to discuss the removal of ammonia nitrogen from synthetic micropollute
source water with the ammonia concentration of about 1 mg/L using immobilized nitrifying bacteria pellets in an up-flow inner
circulation reactor under di erent hydraulic retention times (HRT). The continuous removal rate remains above 80% even under HRT
30 min. The results verified that the waterborne polyurethane immobilized nitrifying bacteria pellets had great potential applications
for micro-pollution source water treatment. 相似文献
980.