快速钻孔技术在煤矿应急救援中的实践

煤矿井下常发生透水、火灾、冒顶等事故 ,工作人员被困在灾区而救援人员又无法靠近灾区时 ,设法尽快下井 ,建立直达灾区的通道进行施救以及消除灾情、恢复生产 ,是煤矿应急救援的主要任务。笔者提出地面快速钻孔技术在此领域的实践应用 ,为实现快速透巷、快速施救增加了一条有效途径。此项技术如能继续改善和配套使用 ,必将有效降低生产事故造成的损失并促进我国煤矿应急救援水平的进一步提高     

瓦斯灾害治理新技术

在分析煤矿安全科技工作现状和趋势基础上 ,介绍了近年来我国瓦斯灾害防治技术研究取得的进展和新成果。通过“十五”科技攻关项目的研究 ,提出了瓦斯煤尘爆炸危险性评价方法 ,研究出了基于瓦斯地质、地质动力区划、电磁波探测方法的煤与瓦斯突出区域预测技术和基于AE声发射、电磁辐射和瓦斯涌出等原理的煤与瓦斯突出非接触连续预测技术 ,实验成功了高瓦斯煤层群开采保护层瓦斯灾害综合防治及顺煤层强化抽放等技术 ,开发了矿井通风系统监测、可靠性评价分析及决策控制技术。另外还分析了我国煤矿安全所面临的挑战和急需开展的科技研究工作。     

基于技术扩散的客流量预测

旅游客流预测是旅游开发的基础研究内容.由于旅游客流具有动态的变化性和影响因素的多样性等特征,使定量的描述和预测旅游客流量具有较大的难度.鉴于此,综合技术扩散理论和区位论等理论,根据技术扩散的思想,在区域选择分析的基础上建立了具有较强实用性的客流动态预测模型.     

干旱区防风固沙林建设与管理的进一步思考

根据干旱区的典型特点,突出"水"的问题,结合已有成果的经验,针对目前新疆防风固沙生态林建设与管理中存在的问题,就造林树种选择、林带结构、造林密度、用水方式等问题,从恢复生态学的理论高度提出一些供参考的想法。     

林带遮荫地种植苜蓿带的棉蚜生态防治

从进一步提高土地利用率、农田生态环境保护、优化农业结构、农区畜牧业发展前景以及国家西部大开发战略等方面,阐述了种植苜蓿带的意义。同时,简要介绍了苜蓿对棉花害虫的控制作用、操作方法以及苜蓿的栽培管理技术等。     

利用固定化细胞技术处理废水研究进展

固定化细胞技术是一门新兴的废水处理技术。与固定化酶技术相比,固定化细胞技术保持了原有的多酶系统,对于需要多酶顺序作用的反应更具优势,且不需要辅酶再生。其缺点是必须使用胞内酶,且难以去除细胞内的“副作用”酶。介绍了目前常见的四类固定化方法(即吸附法、包埋法、共价结合法和交联法)、三类固定化细胞载体材料(即有机高分子载体、无机载体和复合载体)以及该方法在废水处理中的应用,并提出了在应用中有待解决的问题。     

INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY IN WATERSHED MANAGEMENT DECISION MAKING1

ABSTRACT: Watershed management decision making is a complex process. Cooperation and communication among federal, state, and local stakeholders is required while balancing biophysical and socioeconomic concerns. The public is taking part in environmental decisions, and the need for technology transfer from public agencies to stakeholders is increasing. Information technology has had a profound influence on watershed management over the past decade. Advances in data acquisition through remote sensing, data utilization through geographic information systems (GIS), and data sharing through the Internet have provided watershed managers access to more information for management decisions. In the future, applications incorporating hydrologic simulation models, GIS, and decision support systems will be deployed through the Internet. In addition to challenges in making complex modeling technology available to diverse audiences, new information technology issues, such as interoperability, Internet access, and security, are introduced when GIS, simulation models, and decision support systems are integrated in an Internet environment. This paper presents a review of current use of information technology in watershed management decision making and a discussion of issues created when developing Internet based, integrated watershed management decision support systems. A prototype spatial decision support system (SDSS) for rangeland watershed management was developed using web services, which are components that communicate using text based messages, thus eliminating proprietary protocols. This new framework provides an extensible, accessible, and interoperable approach for SDSS.     

加强矿产资源开发中对环境的保护与治理

矿产资源开发对促进国民经济的发展具有重要的作用,但与此同时也带来不少环境问题,如破坏土地和生态环境,在矿石采选冶中产生“三废”对周围环境严重污染,破坏水资源平衡,引发地质灾害等。因此,现在必须高度重视并加强矿产资源开发中对环境的保护与治理,使矿产资源开发与矿山环境保护协调发展。首先,应制订并实施各地区的矿产开发规划,根据环境容量等调整矿业布局和矿业结构,严格对矿山环境进行监测、监管;其次,应加强对矿山环境的调查和评价,加强矿山环境保护的科技研究,提高矿山环境防治技术水平并加速技术推广;最后,应加强矿山环境保护的宣传教育,使矿山环境在全体公民的参与和监督下得到有效的保护。     

Education for Sustainable Development: The Johannesburg Summit and Beyond

The World Summit on Sustainable Development (WSSD), held in Johannesburg during 26 August and 4 September 2002, was a truly remarkable event, not least because it identified and committed the world community to what has to be done to realise Agenda 21 objectives. Discussion begins with the "means of implementation" of the Johannesburg Plan of Implementation (JPI). Education for, and raising awareness of, sustainable development are the key commitments in the "means of implementation". The issues central to these commitments are discussed. The crucial role of moral philosophy in education for sustainable development is then discussed. Defining the "problem" as lack of progress (in fact negative progress between Rio and Johannesburg) towards global sustainable development, a cause–effect relationship of the "problem" is developed based on a systematic and logical analysis. It shows that the "cause" is West's profoundly materialistic, environment-degrading and exploitative attitude and activities to satisfy grossly unsustainable, hedonistic and insatiably avaricious Western life-styles – life-styles that are held up by the West as "ideal" fruits of economic "development" to be aspired by all. The "effects" are pollution of air, water and soil; mounting loss of biodiversity, ecosystems and species; relentlessly widening north–south divide, etc. It is argued that while science and technology can address some of the "effects", they cannot address the "cause". Only moral philosophy can by fundamentally re-orienting moral values genuinely to respect nature and the environment. Based on sound and tested principles of Educational Psychology, a proposal is then made for including moral philosophy in the formal curricula (content and pedagogy) of primary, secondary and higher education for instilling in children and young people genuinely environment-respecting moral values. To this end a generic syllabus for the secondary level is proposed. Finally, it is argued that if the scientific community really believes that science or technology alone can radically change the pervasive environment-degrading moral values to those that genuinely respect the environment, thus paving the way to real global sustainability, then it must demonstrate how this could be done and explain why, despite their abundant science and technology, the developed nations are the biggest polluters and consumers with grossly unsustainable life-styles. Certainly, examples would be much more convincing than rhetoric or tired old clichés about how science and technology alone could deliver global sustainable development.     

高等职业技术教育的模式比较

本文分析了我国蓬勃发展的高职教育形势,对国内外主要职业教育的培养模式进行了比较,以期为我国高等职业技术教育的健康发展提供帮助。