污染河流生物修复技术研究

河流污染逐渐严重,给人们的生活、生产和健康造成巨大危害。文章对用生物修复技术治理污染河流的影响因素和方法进行了简要的介绍。     

抚顺市区段地表水变化及水质污染影响分析

根据多年的监测资料分析，20多年来抚顺市区段地表水污染状况总体上呈下降趋势。支流水质质量主要受周边工业污染及居民棚户区生活污染的影响。市区段干流水质质量受支流影响较大，一半以上的COD、BOD5来自7条主要支流，其次是干流两岸各类污水直接排入的影响。另外浑河是一条季节河，枯、丰水期水流量相差很大，对干流水质质量受影响也比较大。     

食品污染综合评价的模糊数学方法研究

本文年研究了食品污染综合评价的模糊数学方法。建立了食品综合评价模糊数学方法模型 ,并应用于北京市主要蔬菜、水果和肉类中重金属、农药、多环芳烃、硝酸盐和亚硝酸盐污染调查结果的综合评价 ,取得了较为满意的结果。     

京杭大运河徐州段底泥重金属污染评价

根据京杭大运河徐州段沿程12个底泥样本重金属含量的测试结果，运用内梅罗污染指数法对各底泥样本中的主要重金属元素和该河段沿程各底泥样本采样点重金属污染程度进行了综合评价。结果表明，京杭大运河徐州段已受到了重金属的中度污染，下游底泥的重金属污染程度普遍较上、中游严重，荆马河底泥是京杭大运河徐州段底泥重金属污染的主要外源。     

The use of amniotic FSH levels in resolving a discrepancy between fetal chromosomal and phenotypic sex

We report a case in which a discrepancy emerged between the prenatal diagnosis of female chromosomal sex and male sex at ultrasound examination. The FSH dosage performed on an amniotic fluid sample previously stored confirmed the male phenotype of the fetus. The effectiveness of the AF-FSH level dosage in prenatal diagnosis was taken into consideration.     

A review of electrokinetically enhanced bioremediation technologies for PHs

Since the early 1980’s there have been several different strategies designed and applied to the remediation of subsurface environment including physical, chemical and biological approaches. They have had varying degrees of success in remediating contaminants from subsurface soils and groundwater. The objective of this review is to examine the range of technologies for the remediation of contaminants, particularly petroleum hydrocarbons, in subsurfaces with a specific focus on bioremediation and electrokinetic remediation. Further, this review examines the efficiency of remediation carried out by combining bioremediation and electrokinetic remediation. Surfactants, which are slowly becoming the selected chemicals for mobilizing contaminants, are also considered in this review. The current knowledge gaps of these technologies and techniques identified which could lead to development of more efficient ways of utilizing these technologies or development of a completely new technology.     

Evaluation of joint toxicity of heavy metals and herbicide mixtures in soils to earthworms (Eisenia fetida)

It is widely acknowledged that a simplified and robust approach to evaluating thecombined effects of chemical mixtures is critical for ecological risk assessment (ERA) of contaminated soil. The earthworm (Eisenia fetida) was used as a model to study the combined effects of polymetallic contamination and the herbicide siduron in field soil using a microcosm experiment. The responses of multiple biomarkers, including the activities of catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione reductase (GR) and acetylcholine esterase (AChE), the concentrations of glycogen, soluble protein (SP), malonaldehyde (MDA), and metallothionein (MT), and the neutral red uptake test (NRU), were investigated. Multivariate analysis, Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and Spearman's Rank Correlations analysis (BVSTEP) revealed that the activities of AChE and CAT and the NRU content were the prognostic biomarkers capturing the minimum data set of all the variables. Internal Cd (tissue Cd) in earthworms was closely related to the health status of worms under combined contamination of heavy metals and siduron. The integrated effect (E_mix) calculated based on the activities of AChE and CAT and NRU content using the stress index method had significantly linear regression with internal Cd (p<0.01). E_mix(10), E_mix(20), and E_mix(50) were then calculated, at 1.27, 1.63 and 2.71 mg/kg dry weight, respectively. It could be concluded that a bioassay-based approach incorporating multivariate analysis and internal dose was pragmatic and applicable to evaluating combined effects of chemical mixtures in soils under the guidance of the top-down evaluation concept of combined toxicity.     

地下水回补引发含水层氟释放次生风险的模拟研究

地下水回补过程中,含水层沉积物中部分微量组分（As、F等）可能因为环境条件改变释放进入地下水中造成次生污染.为探究回补入渗后含水层F-释放的次生风险,依托潮白河南水北调回补区及我国北方8个具有高F地下水的典型区域,应用PHREEQC软件模拟回补入渗对含水层萤石矿物溶解平衡及地下水F-浓度的影响.研究含水层沉积物典型矿物组分、回补水源与地下水水质差异对F-释放次生风险的控制作用.结果表明:①由于回补水源水质、地下水水质及含水层矿物差异,回补后不同地区地下水中F-浓度的呈现趋势有显著差异,部分地区由于地下水水质差异大,F-浓度存在上升及下降两种趋势.②地下水Ca2+浓度相对较低的区域回补后F-浓度呈下降趋势,增大回补量有利于降低F-释放风险,而对于Ca2+浓度高、甚至萤石饱和的区域,增大回补量会增加F-释放风险.③地下水中F-浓度同时受到萤石及其他含钙矿物的控制,当含水层存在萤石矿物且其他含钙矿物较少时,回补后F-释放的风险增大.因此在具有F背景的区域,对地下水Ca2+浓度较高的含水层或除萤石外含钙矿物含量有限的含水层进行回补时,可能导致地下水F-浓度升高引发回补次生风险.对于回补水源、地下水与含水层矿物组分相互作用的深入研究是保证地下水安全回补的关键,回补后F-释放反应动力学的进一步研究将加深F-释放次生环境风险的认识.      

基于贝叶斯模型的地下水风险源污染概率估计方法研究

我国地下水环境风险源点多面广,但风险源周边地下水监测水平较低,尤其是在单个监测点指标异常时,监测数据异常值的来源及风险源造成污染概率的判定方面存在较大不足.为了解决此类问题,提出了基于贝叶斯模型的地下水风险源污染概率估计方法,并以石家庄市某工业集聚区下游一个农灌井中Cr6+含量和CHCl₃含量异常事件为研究案例,计算了指标异常来源于工业集聚区内8个风险源的污染概率.结果表明:①通过结合风险源的建成时间、废水排放量等软数据及对流弥散方程,优化先验概率、似然度以及后验概率求解方法,提出了基于贝叶斯模型的地下水风险源污染概率估计方法.②该工业集聚区下游农灌井中Cr6+含量和CHCl₃含量异常事件的案例应用结果显示,Cr6+含量异常来源于S6风险源的后验概率为76.2%,即Cr6+含量异常最有可能由某无机盐制造业污染源造成;CHCl₃含量异常来源于S1和S3风险源的后验概率分别为32.7%和23.6%,监测点CHCl₃含量异常最有可能由一个或两个化学农药制造业污染源造成.研究显示,建立的地下水风险源污染概率估计方法初步解决了监测数据不足时指标异常的来源识别问题,可用于未开展详细调查前地下水污染来源的快速锁定,也可使后期的地下水污染调查更具有针对性,对地下水污染风险防控具有重要科学意义.      

地下水污染修复技术验证评价方法研究

随着工业生产的飞速发展,我国地下水污染问题日益突出,亟需大量高效的修复技术以提高对地下水污染的治理效果.然而,现有的专家评估体系难以客观、科学地反映技术的真实性能,也很难促进其推广应用,因此亟需加快ETV（environmental technology verification,环境技术验证评价）研究,创建客观、公正和科学的地下水污染修复技术验证评价体系.基于此,采用层次分析法建立了由目标污染物去除效果、副产物情况、固体废物、废水、废气、噪音、自动化水平、故障情况、适用场地类型、基建费用、药剂投加量、能源消耗和资源回收利用共13个指标组成的地下水污染修复技术验证评价指标体系.依据相关技术规范和专家咨询意见,制定了指标评价标准和方法;基于聚类分析方法,以25个地下水污染修复技术为研究对象,对分类评价和综合评价进行评价结果分级.按照由优到差的级别,分类评价结果分为优秀、合格、不合格3个等级,综合评价结果分为优秀、良好、合格、基本合格和不合格5个等级,由此构成了地下水污染修复技术验证评价方法.为了验证该评价方法的科学性和可行性,利用该方法对某项地下水污染修复技术进行了案例分析.研究显示,所构建的地下水污染修复技术验证评价方法可客观有效地评价地下水修复技术的先进性和适用性,并能够提供改进技术性能的进一步建议.