Contamination, Crop Trials, and Compatibility

This paper examines the ethical andsocial questions that underlie the present UKdiscussion whether GM crops and organicagriculture can co-exist within a given regionor are mutually exclusive. A EuropeanCommission report predicted practicaldifficulties in achieving sufficientseparation distances to guarantee lowerthreshold levels proposed for GM material inorganic produce. Evidence of gene flow betweensome crops and their wild relatives has beena key issue in the recent Government consultation toconsult on whether or not to authorizecommercial planting of GM crops, following theresults of the current UK farm scale trials.The admixture of imported Bt transgenes intolandrace varieties of Mexican maize alsopresents difficulties. An ethical evaluationis made of the claim that organic growersshould expect protection from adventitioustraces of GM constructs in their products. Towhat extent – on either side of the debate –can any particular group in society set upagricultural standards for itself that mayeffectively restrain others from an otherwisejust business? The assumptions behind notionslike ``purity'' and ``contamination'' areexamined, together with their underlying viewsof nature and human intervention. The 2001UK Agriculture and Environmental BiotechnologyCommission report is relevant to theseissues. While the Government wishes to promotethe UK biotechnology industry and is underpressure from US claims of trade restraint, astrong organic lobby demands purity from GMcontamination. Does this adversarial framingof the issues reflect broader public opinionin the UK public consultation? Inarriving at policy decisions, the role of thevirtue of tolerance is considered inpost-modern and Christian ethical contexts.     

秦皇岛港东港区煤尘污染与气象特征关系分析

本文分析了秦皇岛港东港区煤尘污染与气象条件的关系,分析结果表明,表征煤尘污染的因子总悬浮颗粒物及降尘与自然降水、大风等气象因子具有明显的相关性,并依据分析提出了相应的管理建议。     

AQUIFER SALINIZATION IN THE YUN‐LIN COASTAL AREA,TAIWAN1

ABSTRACT: This study analyzes possible causes of shallow ground water salinization in the coastal area of Yun‐Lin. The local hydro‐geologic setting is determined from geological drilling data and sea floor topography. Three possible causes (sea water intrusion, salt water percolation through wells, and infiltration of salty water from fish ponds) are evaluated. Chloride concentration is used as an index to measure ground water salinization. Sea water intrusion is modeled by the advective/dispersive equation, and salt water infiltration from wells and fish ponds is calculated by estimating the amount of water percolated. The determined local hydrogeologic setting suggests that the shallow aquifer may be connected to the sea water, resulting in salt water intrusion as a large amount of shallow ground water is withdrawn. The percent contributions of sea water intrusion, percolation through wells, and infiltration of water from fish ponds, to the salinization of the shallow aquifer at Ko‐Hu in the Yun‐Lin coastal area are approximately 27 percent, less than 1 percent and 73 percent, respectively. The results suggest that the vertical infiltration of salt water from fish ponds is the major cause of shallow ground water salinization in the coastal area of Yun‐Lin.     

有机改性蒙脱土对萘的吸附机制和影响因子

我国场地土壤中多环芳烃（PAHs）污染或PAHs-重金属复合污染是常见的污染类型,对公众健康与环境构成巨大威胁.本研究利用耗散型石英晶体微天平（QCM-D）技术和批量吸附实验,探究实验室制备的2种有机改性黏土对萘的吸附机制,以及萘与Cu²⁺共存时黏土颗粒吸附情况.结果表明,25℃时,十六烷基三甲基溴化铵改性蒙脱土（CTAB-SMF）的吸附等温线符合Freundlich模型（R²>0.92,n>1）,说明其对萘的吸附位点具有多样性,在较高萘平衡浓度（c_e=1 mmol ·L^-1）下吸附分配系数K_d为SMF的13.4倍;3-巯基丙基三甲氧基硅烷改性蒙脱土（TMSP-SMF）的吸附等温线符合Langmuir模型（R²>0.96）,在较高萘平衡浓度（c_e=1 mmol ·L^-1）下吸附分配系数K_d为SMF的1.14倍.说明2种有机改性黏土对萘的吸附效果优于SMF颗粒.3种黏土颗粒对萘的吸附焓在-30~-10 kJ ·mol^-1之间,均为自发物理吸附.溶液离子强度升高抑制了SMF吸附萘,但对改性黏土吸附萘无显著影响.萘平衡浓度较低（c_e=0.1 mmol ·L^-1）时,Cu²⁺的存在使TMSP-SMF对萘的吸附效果增加了3倍;同时萘能促进2种改性黏土对Cu²⁺的吸附.本研究通过原位在线QCM-D检测了黏土对萘的吸附机制,结果与批量吸附实验结果一致：CTAB-SMF对萘的吸附位点主要为黏土层间的改性剂基团,TMSP-SMF则位于黏土颗粒表面的改性剂基团.本项研究结果显示,QCM-D技术是一种有效的原位在线表征黏土膜吸附有机污染物的方法,2种有机改性的黏土颗粒可作为应用于PAHs或PAHs-重金属复合污染场地的修复材料.     

Pollution by halogenated aromatic compounds at Trissino: A case study of groundwater contamination and rehabilitation

An investigation is presented on industrial contamination by benzotrifluoride percolation into ground water used for drinking water, in a populated area of 20 km² at Trissino, north Italy, due to improper chemical waste disposal. Hydrogeological features of the situation are reported, as well as the emergency action taken, such as the surveys made and their analytical results. The epidemiology of the emergency is examined and rehabilitation measures are presented and discussed. Fortunately no major ecological or social disaster occurred, In part thanks to the speed and efficiency with which the affair was handled. It is notable that the authorities kept the public duly informed and thus retained their confidence.     

抗生素抗性分析法在粪便污染源示踪技术中的应用

伴随着沿海人口的递增和养殖业的发展,粪便污染已成为近岸海域污染的一个重要污染源,日益威胁着人类的生存和经济发展。抗生素抗性分析法(Antibiotic Resistance Analysis,ARA)凭借对不同物种粪便源中相同示踪因子特异性抗生素抗性的检测,可以达到识别粪便污染源的目的。作为一种经济有效的粪便污染源示踪工具,ARA研究在欧美等国已开展并得到了应用。简要介绍了ARA原理、着重阐述了ARA的应用方法学,并概括了目前ARA在国内外发展现状。以期为同领域专家学者提供参考,促进中国利用ARA法在识别粪便源技术中的应用。     

经济快速发展区土壤重金属累积评价

以经济快速发展典型区昆山市为研究区,结合重金属总量、有效态和形态3方面指标建立了昆山市土壤重金属累积评价的指标体系,并对其进行了综合评价.结果表明,昆山重金属总量累积指数空间变异较小,为42.57%,但重金属有效态和形态累积指数(特别是重金属活性形态)空间分异很大,分别达82.75%和77.83%.若以土壤剖面母质层各指标的含量为参比值,土壤重金属总量累积指数平均为1.01,为轻度累积水平,重金属有效态累积指数平均为2.46, 达中度累积水平,重金属形态累积主要表现为重金属活性形态的累积,形态累积指数平均达4.32, 达重度累积水平.重金属综合累积指数的平均值2.56, 达中度累积水平,变异系数达70.03%,有21.54%的面积土壤重金属达轻度累积,54.70%的面积达中度累积,23.76%的面积达重度累积.不同功能区土壤重金属的各项累积评价指数均以养殖区最低,冶金电镀区最高,但功能区间差异未达显著水平;不同土壤类型的各项累积指数均达显著水平,且均以乌栅土的累积指数最高,显著高于黄泥土和青泥土的累积指数.     

太原市土壤重金属污染及其潜在生态风险评价

为全面了解太原市土壤重金属含量及其潜在生态危害程度,在研究区内共采集了80个土壤样品,测试了Pb、Cu、Ni、As、Cd、Cr、Hg、Zn共8种重金属元素含量,并采用地积累指数法和潜在生态危害指数法对土壤重金属污染进行了分析和评价.结果表明,太原市土壤环境总体污染程度处于无-中度污染,潜在生态危害处于轻微危害程度.相对...     

黄河三角洲原油污染土壤的微生物固定化修复技术

研究从原油污染土壤中驯化分离出高效石油烃降解菌系,以海藻酸钠和硅藻土复合载体将其制备成固定化菌,比较了固定化降解菌与游离菌对土壤中原油的降解率以及它们在土壤中活性与数量的变化.结果表明,土著降解菌经驯化后显示了较高的耐受性和环境适应能力,固定化降解菌产生了较同等菌量的游离菌明显高的降解优势,特别是在实验初期(20天时)...     

通惠河某段沉积物污染特征研究与评价

选取了通惠河高碑店-双会桥段的5个断面进行取样,对底泥重金属含量及重金属形态进行测定。结果表明,Zn和Pb主要以残渣态存在;Cu以具有活性潜力的铁锰氧化物形态及碳酸盐结合态2种形态为主;Cd的可交换态占其总量的比例较高,而其残渣态含量极小。采用地累积指数法、次生相与原生相分布比值法以及潜在生态风险指数法从不同角度对河道...