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991.
结合我国多个东部矿区土地复垦工程实践,分析了东部矿区土地破坏的特点及优势,指出在复垦规划中的几个关键技术问题。 相似文献
992.
观音坪电站工程评价区景观格局预测分析 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
以湖北省宣恩县酉水流域观音坪水电工程生态完整性评价报告为基础,采用卫星遥感图片分析,运用GIS技术,完成土地利用结构和景观格局图。通过对工程建成前后各种土地类型的优势度值的变化分析得出:工程建设中会造成林草地减少约3.45hm2,优势度由原来的58.30%下降到57.41%,仅下降0.89%;林地和耕地也分别减少约7.20 hm2和0.84 hm2,优势度下降3.87%和1.92%;而水域增加10.82 hm2,优势度上升1.73%,但是它们之间的比例关系基本与工程建设前的比例相当,草地仍然是景观生态体系中的模地。工程建设后当地景观生态体系不会有很大变化。 相似文献
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995.
金川县地处青藏高原向横断山脉深切峡谷过渡地带,在土地利用上具有明显的立体结构。森林采伐、土地开垦都在不断改变土地利用的状况。怎样合理利用土地,成为目前突出的问题。本文以1/20万土地利用现状图量算面积及1984年以前的统计资料为基础,着重分析了土地利用结构及其调整问题。 相似文献
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N. Kitwiroon R. S. Sokhi L. Luhana R. M. Teeuw 《Water, Air, & Soil Pollution: Focus》2002,2(5-6):29-41
Many atmospheric dispersion models include only simpletreatment of surface features to estimate the wind profilesand stability parameters. Detailed characterisation of theland cover, particularly in large and complex urbanconurbations, is especially important, as the surfacefeatures can vary significantly over the area. This paperdiscusses the use of satellite land cover data to derivespatially resolved surface boundary layer (SBL) parameters.These parameters have been used in an air quality model,PEARL (Prediction Air Quality in Urban and RegionalLocations) for estimating monthly and annual COconcentrations. Land cover data, derived from LANDSATThematic Mapper Imagery, has been used to estimate SBLparameters (surface roughness length, albeedo, Bowen ratioand anthropogenic heat flux) for a study area of 10000km2 encompassing Greater London and the surroundingcounties. The SBL parameters have been assigned according tomajor land cover types for the whole area at a spatialresolution of 1 × 1 km. Predictions from two versions of the PEARL model (one with land cover data and one without)have been compared with each other and with measured data forannual and monthly CO concentrations from seven London airquality monitoring sites. This comparison shows thatdifferences between predicted and observed values can bereduced by up to a factor of three. The use of SBLparameters derived from land cover data also yields moredetailed predicted annual CO spatial patterns especially inand around suburban areas. The performance of both versionsof the model for monthly CO concentrations has been comparedwith a range of statistical measures. This comparisonconfirms that improved agreement is observed betweenmodelled and measured monthly CO concentrations when use ismade of spatially resolved SBL parameters. 相似文献
998.
Soil erosion under different vegetation covers in the Venezuelan Andes 总被引:13,自引:0,他引:13
This comparative study of soil erosion considered different environments in an ecological unit of the Venezuelan Andes. The soils belong to an association of typic palehumults and humic dystrudepts. Soil losses were quantified by using erosion plots in areas covered by four types of vegetation, including both natural and cultivated environments. The highest soil erosion rate evaluated corresponded to horticultural crops in rotation: reaching a value of 22 Mg ha–1 per year. For apple tree (Malus sylvestris Miller) plots, soil losses reached values of 1.96 Mg ha–1 per year. Losses from pasture (Pennisetum clandestinum Hochst. ex Chiov.) plots, without livestock grazing, were as high as 1.11 Mg ha–1 during the second year of the experiment. The highest soil losses generated from plots under natural forest were equal to 0.54 Mg ha–1 per year. Environmental factors such as total and effective rainfall, runoff, and some soil characteristics as those related to soil losses by water erosion were evaluated. The type of management applied to each site under different land use type and the absence of conservation practices explain, to a large extent, the erosive processes and mechanisms. 相似文献
999.
Uta Krogmann Hai‐Ning C. Chiang 《Journal of the American Water Resources Association》2002,38(3):681-691
ABSTRACT: In order to determine appropriate application rates and to ensure low pollutant levels in sewage sludge, knowing the chemical composition of sewage sludge is of great importance in a land application program. The objective of this study is to evaluate the variability of selected chemical characteristics of sewage sludge from New Jersey publicly owned treatment works (POTWs). Measurements of total Kjeldahl nitrogen (TKN), NH4+‐N, P, K+, Cd, Cu, Pb, and Zn reported by 98 facilities in the 1996 and 1997 New Jersey Sludge Quality Assurance Regulations (SQAR) reports were statistically analyzed. Sewage sludge from Category 5 POTWs (greater than 10 percent industrial input) showed higher Cd, Cu, and Pb concentrations than Category 3 and Category 4 facilities (less than 10 percent industrial input). Even though only two years of data were analyzed, there was an indication that Cd and Pb concentrations in sewage sludge are decreasing with time. The yearly mean of only a few facilities exceeded the federal pollution concentration limits (40 CFR Part 503, Table 3). Phosphorus and Cd values showed the highest variability within facilities based on the coefficient of variation. Due to the variability of sewage sludge constituents, the use of the yearly rolling mean of nutrient concentrations to determine application rates was considered inadequate. An actual analysis of the sewage sludge to be applied is more appropriate to determine application rates than historical data. 相似文献
1000.
南海市耕地数量变化驱动力的定量分析 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
分析了南海市耕地数量变化的特点,并用定性与定量相结合的方法进一步探讨了耕地数量变化的驱动力。结果表明,南海市耕地数量的变化与珠江三角洲耕地数量变化的时间基本一致且与经济发展同步。经济发展、人口增长、基础设施建设及农业结构调整是耕地数量变化的主要驱动力。 相似文献