基层环境保护行政执法现状分析及对策研究

经过二十多年的努力,中国已基本形成较完善地环境保护法体系,但是,基层环境保护行政执法仍面临立法有空白、体制不顺、能力弱、手段落后等诸多问题。结合实际对基层环境保护行政执法工作中存在的问题进行分析,提高领导对环境保护工作的认识,规范环境保护行政执法行为,提高环境保护行政执法水平,抓好环境保护机构及能力建设,提高广大公众的环境意识和环境法制观念仍是目前解决基层环境保护行政执法工作中存在的问题的有效手段。     

节约型社会提出的现实背景、理论前提及其法律内涵

通过对节约型社会提出的现实背景的阐述,认为节约型社会的理论前提和基础有生态政治理论、环境资源承载能力理论、资源生态经济理论、资源生态化和环境资源化理论等。并对节约型社会的目标、节约型社会的理念、基本原则等进行了探讨。最后在以上分析的基础上对节约型社会的法律内涵进行界定。认为节约型社会在第一层面的涵义是以供定需的发展战略和资源禀赋导向型的发展规划;第二层面的内涵是资源生态承载能力范围内的经济发展道路选择;第三层面的内涵是对自然资源进入社会经济生产的全过程进行规划和调控。     

旅游规划中存在的问题及解决对策研究

改革开放以来,随着国际旅游的蓬勃发展,国内旅游业一日千里.旅游产业的繁荣带来了一浪高于一浪的旅游规划热潮,但这只是量上的表面繁荣,由于旅游规划发展中固有的政策制度、技术手段、经营管理等一系列的问题,使得我国许多旅游规划的质量低劣.因此,必须根据旅游规划发展的内在规律,探讨解决这些问题的具体对策.     

铅对大鼠海马神经元瞬间外向钾电流和延迟整流钾电流的影响

利用全细胞膜片钳技术研究了铅对大鼠海马CA1区神经元瞬间外向钾电流(IA)和延迟整流(IK)的影响．结果表明，铅可浓度依赖地抑制IA和IK，半数抑制浓度分别为37μmol L^-1和30μmol L^-1．此外还与电压呈依赖关系．50μmol L^-1的Pb(Ac)2可非常显著地影响IA和IK的激活过程，还非常显著地影响IA的失活过程，使激活和失活曲线均右移．铅可抑制大鼠海马神经元的IA和IK，并改变IA和IK的激活和失活过程．这可能是铅损伤海马神经元的作用机制之一．图5参16     

Baseline Study on Essential and Trace Elements in Polished Rice from South Korea

In 2000, 63 (polished) white rice samples were collected in eight administrative areas all over South Korea and analyzed for 16 elements by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry (ICP-AES). Potassium had the highest content, next to Mg, Ca, Si, Zn, Na, Al and Fe. Most of the samples contained worldwide average concentrations of essential and trace elements in rice grains reported by various researches. For inter-area differences in those elements in the rice, the statistical analysis showed no significant differences (p > 0.05) among the eight administrative areas, suggesting that inter-area differences were not substantial in most cases. Thus, the present data can be used as national background levels of elements in rice produced in South Korea. Using the published data on daily consumption of rice in South Korea, it was possible to estimate the daily intake of As, Cd, Cu, Pb and Zn via rice. The results showed that a regular consumption of rice produced in Korea plays an important role in accumulation of essential and trace elements in Korean, especially for farm-households consuming relatively large amounts of rice.     

Modelling spatial distribution of the Croatian marine benthic habitats

Within the framework of the 3-year project “Mapping the habitats of the Republic of Croatia” the marine benthic habitats of the entire Croatian maritory were mapped. The supralittoral and the mediolittoral were mapped as a function of the coastal lithology and the presumed levels of human impact (both in scale of 1:100,000). The infralittoral was mapped on the basis of spatial modelling (using neural networks as a modelling tool, data about habitats collected by fieldwork as the independent variable for training and testing the model, and the digital bathymetrical model, the distance from coast, the second spectral channel of Landsat ETM+ satellite image and the sea bottom sea temperature, salinity and current magnitude, as dependent variables). The circalittoral and the bathyal were mapped by overlapping and reinterpretation of the existing spatial databases (bathymetry and lithology) within the framework of the raster-GIS.     

高铁酸钠电化学合成条件的研究

利用含铁材料为阳极，铜为阴极，NaOH溶液为电解液，于隔膜电解槽中电解制备高铁酸钠。探索了该工艺所必需的各种参数和反应条件，确定了隔膜材料，并对Na2FeO4浓度和电流效率的非一致性变化作出了解释。研究结果表明：在阳极距离为1．3cm（极距2．3cm）、阳极电解液浓度为14mol／L，阴极电解液浓度为4mol／L、温度为35℃、电压为8～9V时，电解2h后得到的Na2FeO4浓度为18．7g／L，电流效率为20％。     

电化学消毒法处理回用水的可行性研究

研究电化学方法对城市污水处理厂二沉池出水进行消毒的可行性。采用人工配水 ,在近似城市污水厂二沉池出水含菌量与含盐量的水质下 ,研究不同的运行条件下的杀菌效果。为电化学方法应用于中水回用消毒环节提供了试验依据     

广州市菜园土主要蔬菜重金属背景含量的研究

研究了广州市几个主要的蔬菜生产基地种植的白菜、芥蓝、芥菜、菜薹、萝卜、大白菜、豆瓣菜、结球甘蓝、芹菜、菜豆、豌豆、结球莴苣、尖叶莴苣、菠菜、番茄等15种蔬菜中Pb、Hg、Cd、Cr和As等5种重金属的背景质量分数。其背景质量分数为：Pb 0．002～0．148mg/kg；Hg ND-0．006mg/kg；Cd 0．001～0．034mg/kg；Cr 0．002～0．150mg/kg；As 0.001～0．070mg／kg。由于不同种类蔬菜的吸收特性和遗传特性有所不同，其重金属背景质量分数也有很大差异。蔬菜中元素水平还与土壤条件等因素有关。     

阿勒泰地区土壤微量元素环境背景值分布特征

从土壤形成的自然环境特点，成土母岩、母质等方面了区域土壤环境背景值特征，为地区土地资源的合理开发利用、农牧业合理布局、土壤污染防治等提供基础资料。