水中本底成分对O3/H2O2氧化降解2,4-D的影响

重点考察了水中本底成分对O3/H2O2高级氧化工艺去除水中微量农药2,4-D的影响规律.实验结果表明,自来水本底比蒸馏水本底更有利于水中2,4-D的去除;自由基捕获剂叔丁醇对于2,4-D的催化臭氧化反应具有比较明显的抑制作用,但是HCO3-却对水中2,4-D的氧化降解有一定的促进作用;一定浓度的腐殖酸对于2,4-D的催化臭氧化反应具有比较明显的促进作用,较高浓度的腐殖酸对于2,4-D的催化臭氧化反应具有明显的抑制作用;水中的Na 、K 、Mg2 、Ca2 、Cu2 、Zn2 在较低浓度时对2,4-D的降解没有明显影响,在高浓度时有一定的抑制作用;Co2 、Ni2 、Ca2 、Cr3 在较低浓度时对2,4-D的氧化降解有促进作用,高浓度时候有一定的抑制作用.     

SOME EFFECTS OF ACIDIFIED WATER ON THE EARLY DEVELOPMENT OF ROACH (Rutilus rutilus L.) AND PERCH (Perca fluviatilis L.)1

ABSTRACT. Fertilized eggs of perch (Perca fluviatilus L.) and roach (Rutilus rutilus L.) were reared at different pH values both in the field and in the laboratory. The results from the laboratory tests revealed that both species showed at least a 50% decrease in their hatching frequencies when reared at pH values below 5.6. At pH values below 4.6 both species studied show an almost complete lack of reproduction. The field studies with eggs from different lakes indicated that there might be an adaptation, manifesting itself as a higher frequency of hatching in water with a composition similar to that of the natural habitat. Field experiments also showed that the roach is more sensitive than perch to low pH values.     

青藏高原东缘黄土石英光释光信号积分区间选择

光释光信号积分区间的选择对等效剂量（D _e ）的估算有重要影响。光释光衰减曲线并非单一的指数衰减,而由多个指数衰减函数组成,且每个衰减函数代表不同的信号组分。因矿物晶格陷阱类型不同,各组分有不同的衰减率、热稳定性等。本文对采自青藏高原东缘4个典型黄土分布区的黄土样品进行了系统的石英光释光组分分析和背景区间扣除研究。结果发现：（1）高原东缘黄土石英光释光信号由快、中、慢组分组成,并以快组分占主导,适合用单片再生剂量法测定等效剂量;（2）不同背景区间扣除对小于10 Gy样品等效剂量结果影响较小,误差范围内一致;（3）对大于10 Gy样品,选取早、晚不同背景区间扣除其等效剂量结果差异显著,两者差值占晚期背景扣除所得D _e 值的10%—38%,且有随D _e 值增加而增大的趋势,因此计算大于10 Gy样品D _e 时应慎重选择积分区间。     

中外清洁生产背景的比较及其对我国的启示

清洁生产是实施可持续发展战略的重要途径。本文从中外比较的角度,分析了国外清洁生产的成功经验和中外实施清洁生产的背景差异,提出了今后我国在实施清洁生产战略时,应重视的几个方面,即完善实施前提,发挥政府与产业部门的作用,加强科学研究与教育培训     

Identifying extremely large values using composite sample data

Quantifying a composite sample results in a loss of information on the values of the constituent individual samples. As a consequence of this information loss, it is impossible to identify individual samples having large values, based on composite sample measurements alone. However, under certain circumstances, it is possible to identify individual samples having large values without exhaustively measuring all individual samples. In addition to composite sample measurements, a few additional measurements on carefully selected individual samples are sufficient to identify the individual samples having large values. In this paper, we present a statistical method to recover extremely large individual sample values using composite sample measurements. An application to site characterization is used to illustrate the method.The paper has been prepared with partial support from the United States Environmental Protection Agency Number CR815273. The contents have not been subject to Agency review and therefore do not necessarily reflect the views or policies of the Agency and no official endorsement should be inferred.     

数字植物区系学的纲要

数字植物区系学产生的背景主要是由于传统植物区系学的方法缺陷不能解决大尺度、大范围植物区系的比较研究以及数字化技术的日趋成熟;它的主要研究内容包括植物区系量化研究的理论基础、方法体系、比较标准及其数字指标等问题,如不同植物区系的丰富性综合评价,不同植物区系成分的划分与内在联系、区系性质异同的确认,不同植物区系相似关系分析、亲缘关系的确定、区系来源和种子植物系统发育的探索,不同植物区系的地理归属,量化研究并验证吴征镒院士所提出的中国种子植物属的各个分布区类型和我国种子植物特有、孑遗以及具有标识性类群(如间断分布类群和在系统演化中的原始类群等)的分布格局、分布规律、分布中心和趋近分布中心程度,以及量化研究并验证吴征镒院士提出的中国植物区系的热带亲缘思想、王文采院士提出的东亚一些植物的间断分布式样和迁移路线与汤彦承教授提出的东亚植物区系第三纪源头等问题.     

A study on the environmental background values in the Mt. Namjagbarwa region, Tibet

A study on the elemental composition of aerosol, water and soil in the Mt. Namjagbarwa region, Tibet, was carried out in the period of 1982 to 1984. Samples of aerosol particles were collected by cascade impactor and analyzed for 10 elements by PIXE. Samples of ice, snow and water were collected and analyzed for trace metals, major cations and anions. The pH values of water were at quasi-neutrality or neutrality, and the hardness of water was low. Contents and physico-chemical composition of 20 elements in the major types of soil were determined by physico-chemical methods. Levels of elements in soil varied with soil type and their parent materials. Contents of some elements were higher in the substratum soil derived from in situ than in the surface soil. The region was in a remote area with negligible pollution and could be considered as a good location for measuring the baskground value of environmental sample.     

甘肃省土壤环境机械组成调查研究

通过对甘肃省土壤环境机械组成的调查研究，较全面、系统地获得了各种元素、土类以及各区域的土壤环境机械组成，找出了本省土壤环境机械组成特征及其分布规律。     

Meteorological normalisation and non-parametric smoothing for quality assessment and trend analysis of tropospheric ozone data

Despite extensive efforts to ensure that sampling and installation and maintenance of instruments are as efficient as possible when monitoring air pollution data, there is still an indisputable need for statistical post processing (quality assessment). We examined data on tropospheric ozone and found that meteorological normalisation can reveal (i) errors that have not been eliminated by established procedures for quality assurance and control of collected data, as well as (ii) inaccuracies that may have a detrimental effect on the results of statistical tests for temporal trends. Moreover, we observed that the quality assessment of collected data could be further strengthened by combining meteorological normalisation with non-parametric smoothing techniques for seasonal adjustment and detection of sudden shifts in level. Closer examination of apparent trends in tropospheric ozone records from EMEP (European Monitoring and Evaluation Programme) sites in Finland showed that, even if potential raw data errors were taken into account, there was strong evidence of upward trends during winter and early spring.     

我国土壤中钛,锆,铪和钽的环境背景值及分布规律

在大量土壤样品分析数据的基础上,讨论了钛、锆、铪和钽在不同土类和地区的环境背景值的分布趋势和主要影响因素.