澜沧江梯级水坝库区沉积物重金属和营养盐污染特征及评价

为研究梯级水坝运行条件下沉积物中重金属和营养盐的污染状况,于2016年对澜沧江漫湾和大朝山梯级水坝库区表层沉积物中重金属(As、Cd、Cr、Cu、Pb和Zn)和营养盐(总有机碳TOC、总氮TN)的污染特征展开了调查,并采用潜在生态风险指数(RI)、有机指数(OI)、有机氮百分数(ONP)、TOC/TN和Pearson相关分析评价了梯级水坝库区沉积物污染状况及空间分布特征.结果表明,沿着库区河流纵向梯度,重金属和营养盐污染均表现为坝前静水区相对较高的空间分布格局.重金属潜在生态风险指数(RI)评价结果表明,上游漫湾库区重金属生态风险(I～III级)总体高于下游大朝山库区(I～II级);而营养盐污染程度则表现为下游大朝山库区高于上游漫湾库区的分布格局.两库区沉积物有机质主要由水库水体产生,漫湾库区坝前静水区雨季有机质来源主要为陆源.Pearson相关分析表明,沉积物重金属生态风险与营养盐污染的来源具有一定的空间差异性.梯级水坝工程对沉积物的重金属和营养盐污染具有显著的累积和拦截效应.     

隔声屏障在冷却机组降噪中的设计与应用实证

本文对成都双流九江环保垃圾发电厂循环冷却机组进行噪声治理,通过在声音传播途径上设立隔声屏障,并对该声屏障进行声学设计理论计算,声屏障建成后该机组在厂界外1m处,噪声值达到国家厂界噪声排放标准要求,并通过详细的实测数据、建立图形,进一步验证了声屏障理论计算公式和保护范围。     

垃圾污染质在天然黏土屏障中运移情况的调查

通过对杨府山垃圾卫生填埋场的实地调查,重点调查了距垃圾场外边缘以南500m土壤中重金属含量,与国家环保局给出的土壤背景值比较,发现对人类健康有较大影响的Pb,Mn,Cu,Cd的浓度值均大大超过国家规定标准,污染指数分别达到了5.9959,2.0974,4.2021,2.4864,9.2204,其中镉的污染最为严重,并讨论了天然黏土屏障在污染质运移过程中的控制作用,及今后屏障材料的发展方向。该研究结果对该地区进行环境治理的必要性提供了科学依据。     

Arsenic and chromate removal from water by iron chips-Effects of anions

The purpose of this study is to estimate the removal efficiency of As and Cr (VI) by one kind of industrial waste — iron chips, as well as to estimate the effects of typical inorganic anions (sulfate, phosphate, and nitrate), and typical organic anions (citrate, oxalate, and humate) on As or Cr (VI) removal. The results showed that 98% of As (V) and 92% of As (III) could be removed from aqueous phase by the iron chips within 60 min. Compared with As species, Cr (VI) was removed much more rapidly and efficiently with 97% of Cr (VI) being removed within 25 min. The removal efficiency for arsenic was in the order: As (III) (sulfate), As (III) (nitrate) or As (III), As (III) (humate), As (III) (oxalate), As (III) (citrate), As (III) (phosphate), and for chromate was in the order: Cr (VI) (sulfate), Cr (VI) (phosphate) or Cr (VI) (nitrate) or Cr (VI) (oxalate), Cr (VI), Cr (VI) (citrate), Cr (VI) (humate). In all the treatments, pH level increased with time except for As (III), the removal of which was either without anions or in the presence of humate or nitrate.     

方解石活性覆盖系统抑制底泥磷释放的影响因素研究

通过摇床振荡试验和底泥磷释放控制模拟试验,考察了覆盖系统厚度、上覆水Ca2 浓度、温度、方解石粒径以及人工曝气等对方解石活性覆盖系统抑制底泥磷释放效率的影响.结果表明,方解石覆盖系统可以抑制厌氧状态下底泥磷的释放,且抑制效果受覆盖系统厚度、上覆水Ca2 浓度、温度、方解石粒径及人工曝气等的影响.方解石覆盖系统对底泥磷释放的抑制效率随厚度的增加而明显提高,方解石投加量由12.7 kg/m2增加到38.2 kg/m2,模拟期间覆盖系统对底泥磷释放的抑制率则由56%增加到99%;上覆水的Ca2 会增强方解石覆盖系统对底泥磷释放抑制的效率,上覆水Ca2 浓度由1 mmol/L增加到5mmol/L,模拟期间上覆水的磷浓度下降36%左右;对于方解石投加量较少的情况下,高温条件与低温条件相比,底泥向上覆水释放更多的磷,而通过增加覆盖系统的厚度可以消除高温所带来的不利影响;方解石覆盖系统对底泥磷释放的抑制效率随粒径的减小而明显增强;对方解石覆盖系统表面进行人工曝气,不仅可以降低底泥氨氮的释放速率,而且还可以降低底泥磷的释放速率.     

棉纺车间噪声综合治理

介绍长达 95m的棉纺车间各噪声点的噪声起源及控制方法     

我国公路交通环境降噪方法的理论和应用

通过对近十年来我国公路交通噪声治理措施的调查及研究,对常用的降低交通噪声所采用的低噪声路面、声屏障技术和林带绿化等典型方法进行了比较和归纳,分析了一些交通噪声治理措施的效果和特点,提出了一些需要重视和研究的问题。     

高速公路交通噪声污染调查及防治对策研究

通过对现有高速公路交通噪声现状监测和声屏障降噪效果的调查，提出了高速公路交通噪声衰减规律、污染特性及防治对策?     

有机食品的发展现状及趋势探讨

介绍了有机食品的概念,分析了国际有机食品运动的发展方向、推动因素和市场潜力,预测今后几年内全球有机产品市场的年平均发展速率为15％－20％。同时,还分析了我国发展有机食品的国际环境、农业基础和发展模式,认为发展有机农业和有机食品是跨越绿色贸易壁垒的良策,国内的消费市场潜力和空间巨大,预测到2010年,我国有机食品占国内食品市场的比例可望达到1.0%-1.5%,占全球有机食品市场的份额则可望达到3.0%。     

The internal barriers of rotation for the 209 polychlorinated biphenyls

The internal barrier of rotation (Erot) was calculated for all 209 polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) by using a semi-empirical method, viz. the Austin Model 1 (AMI) Hamiltonian. The difference in total energy between a forced planar state and an optimised twisted structure was defined as Erot. The Erot values were in the range of 8.33 to 483 kj/mol, and were significantly influenced by the number of chlorine atoms inortho position. An additional structural characteristic of the PCBs influencing Erot ofortho substituted congeners was substitution by chlorine atoms in vicinalmeta positions, which is assumed to prevent outward bending ofortho substituents. This so-called buttressing effect contributed with 4 to 31 kj/mol per added chlorine atom. In conclusion, the internal barrier of rotation, calculated for all 209 PCBs, provides an important structure dependent physico-chemical parameter for multivariate modelling of future quantitative structure-activity and structure-property relationships (QSARs/QSPRs).