农田灰钙土中有机质和碳酸钙对Zn吸附-解吸行为的影响

采用序批平衡法,研究了Zn在去除有机质及去除碳酸钙前后灰钙土的吸附-解吸行为.结果表明,在试验土壤中吸附量均随着加入Zn浓度的增加而增加,且去碳酸钙土对Zn吸附固定能力明显低于灰钙土,即有机质对灰钙土Zn的吸附影响小于碳酸钙;去有机质及去碳酸钙前后灰钙土对Zn的吸附过程不适合用 Langmuir方程描述,而 Freundlich方程能够很好地拟合,调整后的决定系数R2￠均大于0.90,达到极显著水平(P<0.01);去除有机质和碳酸钙后灰钙土对Zn的解吸率都升高,且灰钙土去碳酸钙后解吸率略高于去有机质;去除有机质及碳酸钙前后灰钙土的解吸量均随吸附量的升高而升高,且去碳酸钙土解吸量最大,去有机质土次之,灰钙土最小;土壤有机质和碳酸钙对Zn均有较强的络合吸附效应,能有效降低Zn的迁移活性,从而促进吸附,抑制解吸.     

Evaluation of vitamin E and calcium effects on fluoride toxicity-induced fertility impairment

Chronic fluoride (Fl) toxicity is a serious public health problem globally where drinking water contains more than 1 ppm of Fl. Sodium fluoride (NaF) produced male reproductive system toxicity. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the amelioration of Fl toxicity-induced fertility impairment by vitamin E and calcium during the withdrawal period. The study was carried out on 70 adult male albino rats divided into five main groups: group I control; subdivided into group Ia (maintained on standard diet and water ad libitum for 60 days) and group Ib (maintained on standard diet and water ad libitum for 120 days), group II was administered NaF and subdivided into group IIa (administered NaF for 60 day and sacrificed) and group IIb (administered NaF for 60 day then maintained on standard diet and water ad libitum for a further 60 days), and treated groups III, IV, and V were administered NaF. Rats were maintained during withdrawal from NaF, on vitamin E (10 mg kg^?1 day^?1 for 60 days), calcium (50 mg kg^?1 day^?1 orally for 60 days), and both vitamin E and calcium, respectively. The duration of NaF administration was 60 days at a dose 20 mg kg^?1 day^?1 for all treated groups. The following parameters were determined: body and organ weights, sperm motility, sperm morphology, sperm viability, fertility test, and hormone assays: testosterone, in vitro testosterone production, luteinizing hormone, and follicular stimulating hormone. The combined administration of vitamin E and calcium during withdrawal from NaF showed significant improvement from chronic FL-induced toxicity on male reproductive organs.     

硝酸钙对河流底泥中含硫化合物嗅味原位控制

以硝酸钙作为氧化剂,对深圳河污染底泥典型嗅味物质AVS（酸挥发性硫化物）和GEM（土臭素）及2 MIB（2 甲基异莰醇）进行原位控制. 结果表明,当硝酸钙投加量（以单位质量AVS所需NO3- N质量计）为1.68 g/g,AVS去除率达到92%,且可有效避免硝酸钙向上覆水释放,适合工程应用. 但是,硝酸钙对河流底泥GEM和2 MIB等典型嗅味物质的原位控制效果较差. 硝酸钙能够引起底泥中微生物多样性增加,16S rDNA指纹图谱显示,优势菌株包括去除AVS的脱氮硫杆菌(Thiobacillus thioparus),反硝化细菌(Simplicispira sp.和Rhodanobacter sp).以及降解有机物的菌株(Simplicispira sp.、Lysobacter sp.、Pseudoxanthomonas sp.)等.      

镉对体外培养鸡脾淋巴细胞钙稳态的影响

为了探讨钙稳态在镉对禽类免疫抑制中的作用,以终浓度为10 pμmol·L-1的CdCI:对急性分离的鸡脾淋巴细胞进行染毒,分别在培养12、24、36、48 h和72 h时收集细胞,采用Eura-2/AM荧光标记、半定量RT-PCR和酶试剂盒比色的方法分别研究了细胞内游离钙离子浓度、CaMmRNA的表达以及钙泵的活性.结果表明,随着镉作用时间的延长,淋巴细胞内游离钙离子浓度不断升高.CaM mRNA表达水平和钙泵活性不断下降,试验组与对照组差异显著(p<0.05或P<0.01),提示镉可使淋巴细胞内钙稳态失调而发挥免疫毒性作用.     

Does copper reduce cadmium uptake by different rice genotypes？

A hydroponics experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of copper （Cu） on cadmium （Cd）, calcium （Ca）, iron （Fe）, and zinc （Zn） uptake by several rice genotypes. The experiment was carried out as a 2×2×4 factorial with four rice genotypes and two levels of Cu and Cd in nutrient solution. Plants were grown in a growth chamber with controlled environment. The results showed a significant difference between the biomass of different rice genotypes （P 〈 0.001）. The Cd and Cu concentration in the solution had no significant effect on the biomass. The addition of Cu significantly decreased Cd uptake by shoots and roots of rice （P 〈 0.001）. The Cd concentration did not significantly influence Ca uptake by plants, whereas the Cu concentration did （P = 0.034）. There was a significant influence of Cd on Fe uptake by shoots and roots （P 〈 0.001, P = 0.003, respectively）. Zn uptake decreased significantly as the addition of Cd and Cu increased in shoots. We concluded that Cu had significant influence on Cd uptake. The possible mechanisms were discussed.     

生态聚磷石对低浓度景观水的除磷研究

研究了新型填料水化硅酸钙对景观水中低浓度磷的去除效果。考察了反应时间、初始磷浓度、投加量对除磷率的影响,同时采用以水化硅酸钙为填料的滤床,研究其实际低浓度景观水中磷去除效果。结果表明,初始磷浓度为0.3mg/L的低浓度模拟水,在投加量为1500mg/L、反应时间为24h时,水化硅酸钙对模拟水中除磷率达到60%以上,针对浓度为0.50mg/L的实际景观水,投加量为800mg/L时,除磷率达到65.0%;动态试验中,水力停留时间为60min、初始磷浓度为0.15～0.3mg/L,运行8d后,过滤床除磷率保持在44%以上。     

腐殖酸与钙离子共存下ZVI界面沉积过程

为精准分析环境介质在零价铁（ZVI）界面沉积过程和沉积层特性,采用喷涂方法制备ZVI负载芯片,应用耗散式石英晶体微天平（QCMD）研究了腐殖酸（HA）与钙离子（Ca（Ⅱ））在ZVI界面沉积吸附过程的差异,并探讨了Ca（Ⅱ）浓度与HA/Ca（Ⅱ）投加顺序对沉积过程的影响机理.结果表明,在反应体系中先通入HA相较先通入Ca（Ⅱ）,ZVI表面形成的沉积层质量更高、沉积层结构更稳定;HA沉积后可促进Ca（Ⅱ）沉积,然而Ca（Ⅱ）先沉积后HA沉积量较少,很大程度上与吸附层外层结构组成差异相关.此外,发现随着Ca（Ⅱ）浓度从10mg/L升高至200mg/L,Ca（Ⅱ）沉积速率加快,界面沉积量增多.QCMD耗散变化研究发现,当Ca（Ⅱ）浓度从10mg/L提高至100mg/L,沉积层耗散变化值（ΔD）逐渐下降,沉积层转变为刚性结构;Ca（Ⅱ）浓度继续加大到200mg/L,ΔD升高趋势,沉积层构象呈现疏松态.应用QCMD可实时监测ZVI钝化层形成的动态变化过程,提供了ZVI界面吸附层变化特征等关键信息.     

聚环氧琥珀酸钠阻碳酸钙垢性能研究

研究了聚环氧琥珀酸钠在不同因素下的阻碳酸钙性能。实验结果表明 ,聚环氧琥珀酸钠具有较高的阻垢性能和较好的热稳定性 ,在高钙离子浓度、高温水系统中长时间停留对碳酸钙仍有较强的抑制作用。     

沙尘暴细颗粒物对大鼠肺泡巨噬细胞钙水平和脂质过氧化的影响

2004年3月采集甘肃省武威市和内蒙古包头市正常良好天气、局地扬沙天气和沙尘暴天气的大气细颗粒物(PM2．5)样品,以不同浓度的细颗粒物悬液体外处理大鼠肺泡巨噬细胞后测定细胞内丙二醛(MDA)、谷胱甘肽(IgSH)及胞质游离Ca^2 含量,并观察不同处理时间的细胞存活率．研究结果表明：(1)沙尘暴与非沙尘暴PM2．5均使细胞内MDA和Ca^2 含量升高、GSH含量下降,且对细胞毒性存在时间．效应和剂量．效应关系,(2)PM2．5对各指标的影响仅与处理剂量有关,而与样品种类无关．沙尘暴期间大气PM2．5浓度很高,因而沙尘暴PM2.5的危害作用不可忽视。     

砷酸钙化合物的溶解度及其稳定性随pH值的变化

通过混合沉淀和溶解实验详细研究了pH值和Ca/As摩尔比对石灰沉淀法处理高浓度含砷废水的影响.沉淀后溶液中的As浓度随pH值的变化趋势与混合液的Ca/As摩尔比有关,在Ca/As=1·50和1·67时,沉淀后溶液中的As浓度在pH=7附近达到最低,然后随pH值的升高而呈现出增大的趋势;在Ca/As=2·00和4·00时,沉淀后溶液中的As浓度随pH值的升高而降低,且2种Ca/As摩尔比条件下的实验结果基本一致.混合沉淀过程中生成的砷酸钙化合物的组成与结构取决于溶液的Ca/As摩尔比和pH值.在低pH值和低Ca/As摩尔比条件下形成的沉淀物要比在高pH值和高Ca/As摩尔比条件下形成的沉淀物的颗粒要大,而且结晶程度要好.在Ca/As摩尔比为1·0~4·0和不同pH值条件下,主要生成Ca_3(AsO_4)_2·3H_2O、Ca_3(AsO_4)_2·2·25H_2O、Ca_5(AsO-4)_3OH和Ca_4(OH)-2(AsO_4)2·4H_2O,溶度积分别等于10~(-21·14)、10~(-21·40)、10~(-40·12)和10~(-27·49).