聚丙烯酰胺对磷素在土壤中吸附-解析与迁移的影响

通过等温吸附-解析试验和土柱淋溶试验,研究了土壤(填土)经聚丙烯酰胺(PAM)处理后对磷素的吸附、解析规律以及磷素在土柱中迁移的影响.研究结果表明,和原土样相比,PAM减少了土壤在慢速吸附阶段对磷的吸附,不仅使土壤对磷的最大吸附量(Xm)降低,而且使被吸附磷的解析率升高;PAM与土壤复合后可以促进有效磷在土柱中向下迁移,增加淋溶液中磷的浓度.     

The Impact of Scrubber Sludge on Ground Water Quality at an Abandoned Mine Site

A sulfate-rich flue gas desulfurization scrubber sludge was used as a substitute backfill material in reclamation of an abandoned coal strip mine. The site was surrounded by monitor wells and the material was characterized for leaching behavior using open column experiments. A drain was placed directly beneath the 45 000 ton fill to enable sampling before dilution or attenuation. The column studies indicated that the scrubber sludge would adsorb manganese, iron, aluminium, cobalt, nickel, thallium and zinc contaminants from the water. Changes in pH appear inadequate to explain the removal by precipitation. The groundwater cleaning phenomenon has been confirmed on a field scale by the drain samples. Boron and molybdenum leach from the fly ash was used to fix the scrubber sludge and serve as marker elements enabling calibration of the dispersivity in computer models of the groundwater system at the site. The leachate front appears to be diluted by a factor of 8 : 1 within the first 15 meters. Since boron and molybdenum release are associated only with the first flush, environmental impacts will be minimal. Columns appear to create a time compression effect on the duration of leaching phenomenon. The effect for this site appears to be at least 5 : 1. The columns were effective in predicting which elements would leach or adsorb in the field and in predicting the actual source concentrations. Other shake tests such as the TCLP and the ASTM shake test were found to be less effective at predicting which elements would leach and were not helpful in predicting field concentrations.     

高温喷水冷却后方钢管再生混凝土短柱轴压性能试验研究

为研究高温喷水冷却后方钢管再生混凝土的受力机理,设计了27个方钢管再生混凝土试件在高温喷水冷却后进行轴心受压加载试验。试验考虑的变化参数包括再生粗骨料取代率、历经最高温度和冷却方式。本文对试验的过程进行了简要的说明,观察了试件受力破坏的全过程,获取了荷载-位移曲线,峰值荷载并分析了特征点数据以及各变化参数对高温喷水冷却后方钢管再生混凝土短柱轴压性能的影响规律。试验结果表明:历经最高温度越高,试件破坏后核心混凝土的受损程度越严重。随着历经最高温度的不断提高,峰值荷载和轴压刚度整体呈下降趋势,温度在800℃时试件的延性最好,高温使得试件的耗能能力提高;随着再生粗骨料取代率的增加,峰值荷载的变化规律不明显,但取代率为75%的试件具有最高的峰值荷载,轴压刚度呈波动变化,取代率对延性影响较明显,对耗能影响较小;不同冷却方式对方钢管再生混凝土短柱的延性影响较大,对其它力学性能影响不显著。引入材料强度折减系数后,我国DBJ 13-51-2003规程和日本AIJ规程中计算方法可以较好地评估高温喷水冷却后方钢管再生混凝土短柱的轴心受压承载力。     

软土场地路堤-加筋碎石桩复合地基工作状态分析

软土场地碎石桩因具备桩体侧向变形大、超孔隙水压力消散慢的问题,导致出现基础沉降大、土体固结排水速度慢等工程病害。路堤下采用加筋碎石桩复合地基是处理软土场地的主流方法。本文采用二维有限元方法,建立考虑路堤填筑过程的软土场地路堤-加筋碎石桩复合地基数值模型,探讨了加筋碎石桩复合地基承载力的影响因素。基于达西定律和比奥固结理论,分析高地下水位场地条件下加筋体刚度和桩数对加筋碎石桩复合地基工作状态的影响规律。研究表明:增大褥垫层厚度和减小褥垫层模量均能够提高桩土应力比,改善桩顶应力集中的问题。与传统碎石桩相比,高地下水位条件下加筋碎石桩复合地基中超孔隙水压力消散速率快,桩数增加可以有效提高复合地基排水速率。     

Contrasting cesium dynamics in neighboring deep and shallow warm-water reservoirs

To measure the long term retention and seasonal dynamics of an initial 4 kg addition of ¹³³Cs into an 11.4-ha, 157,000 m³ reservoir (Pond 4, near Aiken, South Carolina, USA), the concentrations and inventories of ¹³³Cs in the water column were measured at periodical intervals for 522 days following the 1 August, 1999 release. After rapid declines in concentrations and inventories during the first 90 days, the ¹³³Cs concentrations in the water column declined at an average proportional rate of 0.004 d⁻¹. However, there were periods of less rapid and more rapid rates of declines, and these were correlated with periods of increasing and decreasing K concentrations in the water column. The decline rates were less and the K concentrations greater in the winter than in the summer. In the deeper, neighboring monomictic reservoirs of Par Pond and Pond B, a yearly cycle of increasing and decreasing ¹³⁷Cs concentrations in the water column is driven by anoxic remobilization of Cs from the sediments into a persistent summer hypolimnion. In Pond 4, whose mean depth of 1.6 m is too shallow to support a persistent anoxic hypolimnion, the pattern of yearly dynamics for K and Cs appear to be related to the accumulation and release of these elements from the extensive, seasonal macrophyte communities. The contrasting results between Pond 4 and Pond B suggest that a full appreciation of the relative importance of 1) anoxic remobilization and 2) accumulation and release by macrophytes in these systems remains to be established.     

碳基高价银分子晶体电池处理LAS污染源水试验研究

以扬州第四水厂沉淀后的出水作为原水,模拟突发LAS污染,通过投加碳基高价银分子晶体电池进行应急处理的实验研究。实验结果表明：碳基高价银分子晶体电池对LAS的吸附,在30min内能达到81％的吸附容量;碳基高价银分子晶体电池对LAS的吸附,符合Freundlich吸附模式;溶液pH小于5时,吸附效果较好;对进水浓度小于4．75mg／L的LAS污染水样,接触时间在10min以内,便能使出水中LAS的浓度达到生活饮用水0．3mg／L的限值。     

某装药弹振动特性的安全分析

为分析某装药弹的振动特性,并为该弹提供必要的力学数据,建立某装药弹模态方程。采用ANSYS软件对该弹振动特性进行了数值模拟,利用Block Lanczos法求解,得到前10阶振动固有频率和振型。分析结果表明:低阶频率主要以摆动和转动为主,高阶频率主要以弯曲扭动为主,低阶频率对该弹的影响比较小,高阶频率对该弹的影响比较大,尤其是7～10阶频率,该弹的主振频率为1053.8 Hz,为该弹的优化设计提供科学依据,在加工、储存、运输和使用条件下应低于该频率;为验证该方法可信度,采用某小型装药弹进行了实验验证,实验结果和仿真结果偏差小于1%;同时证明该有限元数值分析的方法是经济可靠的。     

毛细管离子分析方法测定湖水中主要无机阴离子含量

用毛细管离子分析方法分析阴离子（Br^-,Cl^-,SO4^2-,NO2^-,NO3^-,F^-,HPO4^2-,HCO3^-)的混合标准溶液,并测定了北京颐和园昆明湖表层水样中阴离子的含量,结果表明,用这种方法所做的标准曲线具有良好的线性相关关系,相关系数较好,比较不同季节表层湖水样品中阴离子的含量变化特征表明,在实验期间,表层湖水中阴离子含量在不同季节变化不明显。     

毛细管柱气相色谱法测定水质五氯酚

用乙酸酐衍生,正己烷液一液萃取,毛细管柱气相色谱-电子捕获检测器对地表水、废水中五氯酚进行了测定,确定五氯酚浓度范围在5．0—500μg/L之间时,样品的测定精度、回收率及方法检出限均能满足要求。     

水样中常见金属离子的快速测定

研究了用高效毛细管电泳对自来水水样中常见金属离子的快速测定方法。结果表明,K+、Na+、Li+、Ca2+、Mg2+、Ba2+、Sr2+7种离子在8 min内可全部分离,回收率为98.0%~103.3%。峰面积和迁移时间的相对标准偏差分别在3.2%和1.1%以下,重现性较好,具有较高的检测灵敏度。