淄博孝妇河流域孔隙水流酸盐污染特征及其形成

分析１９８９～１９９６年孔隙水的化学资料,总结出了研究区孔隙水硫酸盐污染的特点,借助原状土柱试验探明,孔隙水中污染组分来源于农业灌溉污水。农灌的频率与强度及大气降水的特点共同决定了本区孔隙水污染特征的形成。因此,停止或减少污灌量是改善地下水环境的有效且经济的方法。     

PCDD/F and PCB multi-media ambient concentrations, congener patterns and occurrence in a Mediterranean coastal lagoon (Etang de Thau, France)

Ambient concentrations, congener patterns and multi-media distribution of PCDD/Fs and PCBs were determined in air, water, sediment and mussels in a semi-enclosed marine ecosystem (Thau lagoon, France). summation operator2,3,7,8-PCDD/F and summation operator7ICES PCB air concentrations (0.2-1.4 and 31-57pg m(-3), respectively) were typical of rural areas. Concentrations in the water column were very low for PCDD/Fs (163-476fg L(-1)) and low for PCBs (138-708pg L(-1)). PCDD/F and PCB concentrations found in surface sediment (0.15-1.6 and 2.5-33ng g(-1) d.w., respectively) and mussel (13-21pg g(-1) d.w. and 10-39ng g(-1) d.w., respectively) were medium levels. PCDD/F congener patterns observed in air, water particulate phase and sediments were similar suggesting direct coupling among these compartments and atmospheric inputs of PCDD/Fs into the lagoon. Conversely, for the same set of samples, similar patterns were not observed for PCBs in the mentioned compartments.     

方钢管混凝土柱-钢梁竖向加劲板连接节点抗震性能分析

在合理选择材料本构关系、破坏准则的基础上,采用通用有限元软件ANSYS对方钢管混凝土柱-钢梁竖向加劲板式节点进行了低周反复荷载试验,以及在低周反复荷载下的抗震性能分析。结果表明:有限元分析得到的滞回曲线和骨架曲线与试验结果吻合较好;试件破坏为梁端破坏,塑性铰出现在梁端,在梁变截面附近出现了局部屈曲,也与试验结果一致。     

树脂吸附法预处理增塑剂DOP生产废水

高浓度DOP生产废水生物毒性强,采用常规手段难以有效处理,对环境存在较高危害性。采用树脂吸附技术预处理增塑剂DOP生产废水,考察了树脂吸附与脱附的最佳工艺条件,结果表明,采用NDA99吸附树脂,在室温、吸附pH=2、吸附流速4 BV/h条件下,每批次处理量16 BV,COD去除率可达94%以上;对吸附饱和的树脂采用1 BV 8%NaOH+1 BV 4%NaOH+2 BV水,在60℃下以1 BV/h的流速进行脱附,COD脱附率超过97%,树脂的吸附-脱附性能良好。     

气相色谱法分析挥发性卤代烃的柱优选

本文优选出符合我国“水中优先控制污染物黑名单”中挥发性卤代烃测定的色谱柱ＤＣ－５５０。该柱可将在ＯＶ－１０１柱上重叠在一起的三氯乙烯和一溴二氯甲烷完全分离,满足我国对水和废水中挥发性卤代烃的测定。     

过硫酸钾脱除气态元素汞的试验研究

在鼓泡塔反应器中,用过硫酸钾(K2S2O8)脱除气态元素汞.试验考察了K2S2O8浓度、吸收温度及催化剂等因素对脱汞效率的影响.结果表明:当K2S2O8在1.0～10.0 mmol/L时,随着浓度的增加,脱汞效率显著升高;AgNO3对K2S2O8脱汞具有显著的催化作用,且0.3 mmol/L AgNO3的催化效果优于0.1 mmol/L AgNO3;CuSO4对K2S2O8除汞也具有催化作用,但催化效果不如AgNO3;AgNO3存在下,低温更有利于汞的脱除.     

涂铁多孔陶瓷对水中亚甲基蓝的动态吸附

研究了涂铁多孔陶瓷填料柱对水中亚甲基蓝（MB）的动态吸附性能。探讨了填料高度、MB初始质量浓度和流速对穿透曲线的影响;分别用BDST模型、Thomas模型和线性回归对动态吸附实验数据拟合,获得了相关参数,并研究了填料的再生性能。结果表明,涂铁多孔陶瓷（IOCPC）能有效去除水中MB,填料层升高,穿透曲线上的穿透点向右移动,穿透时间延长;而随流速、MB初始质量浓度的增大,穿透曲线上的穿透点向左移动,穿透时间缩短。用BDST模型能准确预测穿透时间,误差＜5%;用Thomas模型可较好地描述了MB浓度为10和50 mg/L、初速为2 mL/min时IOCPC对MB的吸附动力学,相关系数分别为0.99和0.93,平衡吸附容量分别为0.078和0.13 mg/g。对吸附饱和后的涂铁多孔陶瓷可用pH=3的硝酸再生,重复使用3次穿透曲线上的穿透点基本不变。     

Deposition fluxes of PCDD/Fs in a reservoir system in northern Taiwan

In this study, polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxin and dibenzofuran (PCDD/F) concentrations and depositions in ambient air, water column and sediment were measured at a coupled reservoir-watershed system in northern Taiwan. The atmospheric PCDD/F concentration measured in the vicinity of the reservoir ranged from 4.9 to 39 fg I-TEQ m⁻³ and the Asian dust storm in February accounted for the peak value, which corresponded to a total suspended particle concentration of 128 μg m⁻³. The atmospheric PCDD/F deposition ranged from 1.4 to 19 pg I-TEQ m⁻² d⁻¹, with higher deposition occurring during winter and spring (long-range transport events). During summer, when atmospheric deposition is lower, consecutive tropical cyclones (typhoons) bring heavy rainfall that enhances soil erosion and creates turbidity-driven intermediate flow. This results in significantly higher PCDD/F deposition in water column of the reservoir at 70 m water depth (179 pg I-TEQ m⁻² d⁻¹) than at 20 m (21 pg I-TEQ m⁻² d⁻¹) during typhoon event. The accumulation rate of PCDD/Fs (9.1 ng I-TEQ m⁻² y⁻¹) in the reservoir sediments (depth: 0-2 cm) was consistent with PCDD/F deposition obtained from water column (6.1 and 8.3 ng I-TEQ m⁻² y⁻¹); however, it is significantly higher when compared to the atmospheric deposition (2.0 ng I-TEQ m⁻² y⁻¹). Based on the mass balance between the measurements of atmospheric deposition and sinking particles in water column, around 54-74% of PCDD/F inputs into the reservoir were contributed by the catchment erosion during normal period. However, the PCDD/F input contributed by the enhanced catchment erosion significantly increased to 90% during intensive typhoon events.     

填料塔中Na2CO3吸收高浓度H2S的传质特性

在填料吸收塔中考察了Na2CO3溶液吸收高浓度H2S气体的气液传质特性。通过测量填料塔进出口气体中H2S浓度计算了Na2CO3溶液吸收高浓度H2S气体的总体积传质系数（KGa）,并研究了进气流速、吸收液流量、吸收温度和吸收液浓度对KGa的影响。结果表明,KGa随Na2CO3浓度、吸收液流量的增加而增加,随吸收温度、进气流速的升高而降低;在高浓度H2S吸收过程中液相传质阻力不能忽略。