1/f噪声源与其在半导体器件可靠性评估中的应用

1／f噪声,由于其能够反映器件的质量与可靠性参数,其研究受到重视。本文首先较为系统地介绍了1／f噪声源两种较为成熟的理论：迁移率涨落模型和载流子涨落模型,最后介绍了几个1／f噪声与半导体器件参数漂移相关的实例。     

Nitrogen removal efficiencies and microbial communities in full-scale IFAS and MBBR municipal wastewater treatment plants at high COD:N ratio

• Two IFAS and two MBBR full-scale systems (high COD:N ratio 8:1) were characterized. • High specific surface area carriers grew and retained slow-growing nitrifiers. • High TN removal is related to high SRT and low DO concentration in anoxic tanks. The relative locations of AOB, NOB, and DNB were examined for three different kinds of carriers in two types of hybrid biofilm process configurations: integrated fixed-film activated sludge (IFAS) and moving bed biofilm reactor (MBBR) processes. IFAS water resource recovery facilities (WRRFs) used Anodkalness^TM K1 carriers (KC) at Broomfield, Colorado, USA and polypropylene resin carriers (RC) at Fukuoka, Japan, while MBBR WRRFs used KC carriers at South Adams County, Colorado, USA and sponge carriers (SC) at Saga, Japan. Influent COD to N ratios ranged from 8:1 to 15:1. The COD and BOD removal efficiencies were high (96%–98%); NH₄⁺-N and TN removal efficiencies were more varied at 72%–98% and 64%–77%, respectively. The extent of TN removal was higher at high SRT, high COD:N ratio and low DO concentration in the anoxic tank. In IFAS, RC with high specific surface area (SSA) maintained higher AOB population than KC. Sponge carriers with high SSA maintained higher overall bacteria population than KC in MBBR systems. However, the DNB were not more abundant in high SSA carriers. The diversity of AOB, NOB, and DNB was fairly similar in different carriers. Nitrosomonas sp. dominated over Nitrosospira sp. while denitrifying bacteria included Rhodobacter sp., Sulfuritalea sp., Rubrivivax sp., Paracoccus sp., and Pseudomonas sp. The results from this work suggest that high SRT, high COD:N ratio, low DO concentration in anoxic tanks, and carriers with greater surface area may be recommended for high COD, BOD and TN removal in WRRFs with IFAS and MBBR systems.     

炼油厂污水回用处理研究

研究表明，炼油厂外排污水采用悬浮载体生物接触氧化、砂滤和臭氧生物活性炭工艺深度处理，主要污染物都有良好的去除效果，总出水清澈、无色，可以满足多种回用要求。分析表明，大部分还原性污染物通过生物深度处理而去除，而微量有机物主要由臭氧生物活性炭去除。工艺系统具有除污染效率高、运行稳定、抗冲击能力强等优点。     

掺杂ZrO2、TiO2、γ－Al2O3对Pt、Pd／Al2O3燃烧

运用ＸＲＤ、ＢＥＴ、ＤＴＡ等测试技术，研究并考察了掺杂ＺｒＯ２，ＴｉＯ２，ｒ－Ａｌ２Ｏ３对Ｐｔ－Ｐｄ．Ａｌ２Ｏ３燃烧催化剂性能的影响，结果表明，ＺｒＯ２对Ａｌ２Ｏ３晶相的γ型转为α型有明显的抑制作用，而ＴｉＯ２的添入则起促进作用。     

新型生物流化复合反应器的设计及气含率测定

鉴于对传统内外筒结构三相内循环流化床存在的一些不足 ,提出了一种新型的基于循环流化床原理的生物流化复合反应器。新型反应器采用蜂窝状断面结构 ,机械分离与气浮原理相结合的三相分离器。为了减少反应器运行中的能耗 ,筛选出了一种新型轻质橡胶载体。并且针对这种新型反应器进行了气含率的测定 ,得出在实验范围内总平均气含率随进气量呈直线上升 ,还分别得出了上升区气含率和下降区气含率的变化情况     

n-TiO2光催化机理及其在环境保护中的应用研究进展

本文对半导体二氧化钛的光催化机理、载体形式、反应器等方面的研究进展作了详细概述。并就其在废水处理、杀菌消毒等环境保护方面中的应用作了综述     

一种新型复合球填料在低浓度污再生回用中的应用研究

新型复合球填料为沸石与悬浮球填料的有机组合体，密度约为0．92～0．97g／cm^3，比表面积为711～1185m^2/m^2，表面粗糙，物化性能稳定。在曝气量为20：1，停留时间为6h时，装有新型复合球填料的反应柱挂膜容易，成膜时间短，膜不易脱落，且生物相丰富。膜成熟时对生活污水中的氨氮和COD都有很好的去除效果，出水氨氮浓度≤2mg／L，去除率≥93％；出水COD浓度≤22mg／L，去除率≥80％。新型复合球反应柱在稳定状态处理低浓度的二级出水时，出水氨氮浓度≤2mg／L，去除率89％，出水COD浓度为10～36mg／L，去除率为48％～81％。出水水质符合GB50335-2002标准。     

不同生物脱臭填料生物膜成长特性

用活性炭、浮石、陶粒和瓷环分别作为生物滴滤填料进行去除N2S恶臭气体的对比研究。活性炭和浮石对高效脱臭菌有强的吸附和固定作用，挂膜时间短，生物含量高而陶粒和瓷环固定期长，成膜较晚。在循环液流量为24L／h，气流量为0．5m^3／h，进气浓度在500mg／m^3的条件下，活性炭、浮石、陶粒和瓷环的成熟生物膜对H2S的去除率分别为99％、98％、95％和93％，从成膜到发生严重堵塞的生物增量的最大值分别是19．7、70．5、68．9、90．3mg／cm^3。试验对比结果表明，多孔浮石是优质的生物滴滤填料。     

植物吸收环境中金属元素的动力学模型

植物吸收金属元素的过程主要是一个主动吸收过程。目前用离子载体学说解释离子主动吸收过程已经得到了广泛的认同 ;而且各种各样的酶参与了植物主动吸收金属离子的过程。本文对利用酶促反应动力学描述植物吸收环境中金属元素这一现象的可行性及应用现状作了讨论。