An urban pipeline accident model based on system engineering and game theory

Urban pipeline accidents are caused by complex social-technical factors, in which urban communities and pipeline systems are involved. Such accidents can thus be investigated from the viewpoint of system engineering. System-Theoretic Accident Model and Processes (STAMP) is a systemic method for safety assessment, which has been adopted in many domains. This approach can provide deep insights of accident causes by considering direct and indirect factors. Meanwhile, competition and cooperation between stakeholders in accidents are observed. Therefore, these parties can also be analyzed with the game theory. That is, stakeholders in STAMP can be regarded as players in game. The aim of this paper is to provide a new insight to analyze urban pipeline accidents by considering both STAMP and game theory. In this paper, we proposed an accident model for urban pipelines, with a case study of China-Qingdao pipeline accident occurred in 2013. We concluded that accident reasons can be investigated in-depth and lessons can be learned from analyzing causal factors by using STAMP. Based on results generated from STAMP, we applied the game theory to analyze roles that government and companies act in the China-Qingdao urban pipeline accident. The results show that current punishment and incentive systems are incomplete, lacking of the driving force and constraining force for the stakeholders involved in the accident.     

基于扎根理论的瓦斯爆炸风险累积效应研究*

为研究瓦斯爆炸风险在事故发展中的累积过程，揭示瓦斯爆炸事故的风险累积机理，引入累积效应的研究思想。首先界定风险累积概念，分析风险累积过程；然后运用案例研究、专家调查等方法分析瓦斯爆炸风险累积的累积源、途径，并应用扎根理论方法提取风险类型并研究风险累积过程；在此基础上，运用系统动力学软件绘制瓦斯爆炸风险累积路径图，将风险的累积过程可视化。研究表明:瓦斯爆炸风险存在累积过程，主要通过加和累积和放大累积方式累积，累积时间越长，越易引发新风险，其中管理风险累积影响人、物、环的状态，而人、物、环风险累积过程直接影响瓦斯爆炸事故发生进程。研究结果为瓦斯爆炸事故原因分析提供1种新方法，对煤矿企业的事故预防和风险管控具有一定指导和参考意义。     

委托代理理论视角下特种设备安全监管改进研究

针对特种设备数量和种类不断增多与安全监管力量不足问题,首先阐述特种设备安全监管内涵,分析其涉及的委托代理关系;然后基于委托代理理论构建特种设备安全监管委托代理数学模型,并利用激励相容约束条件讨论监管力度、安全投入、公众信任度等因素对特种设备安全监管效果的影响及内在机制;最后提出进一步提高特种设备安全水平的改进策略.结果...     

隧道围岩Vague集可拓安全评估模型

为提高公路隧道围岩分级的准确性,丰富风险评级方法,首先基于可拓物元理论,对实测数据进行无量纲化处理并转化为Vague集.然后通过AHP法和熵权法得到主客观权重,进而构建区间权重并按照隶属度与非隶属度距离最大化原则进行优化.最后建立基于Vague集的可拓安全评估模型,并结合工程项目进行案例分析,结果与实际监测数据一致.     

Theoretical Analysis of Percussive Tests of Products

The goal of theoretical research is to establish parameters, which have to be given in standards for percussive tests of products. Those parameters are essential for each user to be able to construct identical (equivalent) testing equipment. This would ensure identical results for identical products.

The paper presents a detailed analysis of the distribution and the value of the forces generated during percussive collisions of two bodies. Elastic, plastic, and elastoplastic collisions are considered. Parameters determining the coefficient of restitution, the courses of energy, momenta, and the values of the forces in colliding elements are determined. The dynamic force acting on a product during a percussive test was studied.     

基于突变理论的国内外火灾科学研究进展和展望

简要归纳了突变模型的特征和突变理论的应用方式,重点综述了突变理论在火灾科学中的应用情况,概括了突变理论在火灾科学中三个应用特点。针对具体油气爆炸实验数据,利用随机突变理论,对油气爆炸的突变模式进行了初步研究,说明了建立统计突变模型的可行性。最后指出了突变理论应用于火灾科学的未来研究方向。     

A Constructal Approach to the Optimal Design of Photovoltaic Cells

The constructal law is used for the minimization of the photovoltaic cells (PVC) electrical series resistance. In this paper we report a theoretical, step by step construction of optimal PVC, from the smallest, elemental cell to the largest assembly that relies on the minimisation of the maximum voltage drop subject to volume (material) constraints. This completely deterministic approach produces optimal geometric shape for each assembly level, the optimal number and orientation of constituents within each new, higher order assembly and the optimal size of each new collector (metallic) path.     

基于生态安全格局的国土空间生态修复关键区域识别——以吉林省松原市为例

为了在生态文明建设背景下,从生态系统完整性和结构连通性角度识别生态修复关键区域,以吉林省松原市为研究区,综合运用MSPA分析､景观连通性评价和电路理论,构建生态安全格局,识别松原市国土空间生态修复关键区域.结果表明:松原市共识别生态源地9处,面积为787.95km²,以水域及草地为主,对区域生态安全起着至关重要的作用;识别生态廊道23条,一级廊道16条,二级廊道7条,全长1458.18km;基于生态安全格局识别松原市国土空间生态修复关键区域,包括生态夹点16处,面积180.70km²,生态障碍点24处,面积298.11km².综合分析生态修复关键区域空间分布和土地利用现状,并提出针对性生态修复策略.     

CVM在中国资源环境价值评估中的应用

条件价值评估法（CVM）是获取资源环境等公共物品或服务全部价值的有效方法.我国引入CVM时间较短,仍处于应用相关理论、模仿各种评估方法的阶段,在问卷设计、情景描述、价值引导技术选择、模型应用及可靠性和有效性论证等方面缺少科学指导.本文从理论、方法及实践视角对CVM进行了系统梳理和总结,尤其补充了考虑受访者不确定性偏好的随机价值理论及价值引导技术选择问题.未来研究中,我国应加强CVM理论和方法体系的改进、进行多地区大规模调查、开展不同价值引导技术的比较研究、重视不确定性偏差的影响及结果的可靠性和有效性验证.