阳极溶出伏安法测定ppb级Cu,pb,Cd的实验条件的选择

本文介绍了在环境监测中，经试验研究，确定的用阳极溶出伏安法，连续分析环境样品中重金属Ｃｕ，Ｐｂ，Ｃｄ的最佳条件，即用悬汞电极做工作电极，用０．１Ｍ离氯酸做支持电解质，纯氮除氧。当ＰＨ值取２－７，富集电位数－１．１～－１．２Ｖ时，不但可连续测定一定浓度范围的重金属Ｃｄ，Ｐｂ，ＣＵ；而且方法灵敏度高，精密良好，线性相关关系可达０．９９９０，回收率达８５－１１５％，获得了良好的分析效果。     

A study on hexachromic ion selective electrode based on supported liquid membranes

An ion selective electrode (ISE) for determining Cr(VI) using supported liquid membranes (SLMs) containing trioctylphosphine oxide (TOPO) was investigated in this study. TOPO, as a carrier, had a high selectivity for Cr(VI) against interfering ions such as sulfate, nitrate, nitrite, and chloride. The composition of the SLM was optimized as 0.193 g TOPO/1 mL NPOE (o-nitrophenyl octyl ether)/0.5 g poly (vinyl chloride) for detection of Cr(VI). The Cr(VI) concentration was measured in the range of1 × 10^-3 to 1 × 10^-6 M with the SLM prepared in the study. It seemed that Cr(VI) was transported in the SLM as a triply charged ion indicated by the slope of the emf response. Selectivity coefficients and detection limits of Cr(VI) in the presence of interfering ions were determined experimentally using the fixed interference method.     

纵横复合收尘极板电除尘器特性的研究

电除尘器由于体积大 ,成本高而制约其在企业中应用。根据电流体力学收尘场原理 ,提出一种新型的纵横复合收尘极板电除尘器 ,它把纵向和横向电除尘器有机结合起来。通过正交试验与单因素试验 ,得出这种新型电除尘器的最佳运行参数。它能有效提高单位体积电除尘器收尘极板面积 ,对减小电除尘器体积、改善电除尘器性能具有较大的现实意义     

Ag/AgCl海洋电场探测电极研究进展

针对目前广泛应用于海洋电场传感器中的全固态粉压型Ag/AgCl电极对的极差稳定时间长,无法满足快速部署、实时探测这一要求,系统阐述了Ag/AgCl海洋电场探测电极的性能要求和制备工艺方法,对比了制备工艺的优缺点。综述了Ag/AgCl海洋电场探测电极的制备工艺优化以及改性方法,论述了近些年国内外关于Ag/AgCl电极改性的研究进展,并对Ag/AgCl海洋电场探测电极未来的研究与发展趋势进行了展望。     

转盘式光催化燃料电池处理染料废水

采用阳极氧化法制备转盘式TiO_2阳极,设计并开发了转盘式光催化燃料电池(PFC),探讨了圆盘转速对PFC中染料降解效果的影响。实验结果表明:随着圆盘转速的提高,污染物和光电界面反应产物的传质作用得以强化,罗丹明B降解率提高;在圆盘转速为1 600 r/min、反应时间为60 min的条件下,罗丹明B降解率达90.8%,是圆盘转速为0 r/min时的8.5倍;光电流也随着圆盘转速的提高而提高,但提高幅度远小于罗丹明B降解率的提高幅度;同时,加强传质作用后再外加电压对PFC催化降解性能的提高作用有限。     

Voltammetric detection of trifluralin in tap water,fruit juice,and vegetable extracts in the presence of surfactants

This study describes a novel electrochemical method to determine the herbicide trifluralin in samples of water, fruit juice, and vegetable extracts in the presence of surfactants, using a glassy carbon electrode (GCE). In acidic media, trifluralin was irreversible on the glassy carbon electrode surface at ?0.5 V vs. Ag/AgCl. Surfactant presence on the electrode–solution interface modified current intensities and shifted the reduction peak potential of trifluralin. Different types of surfactant and their concentrations were investigated. The anionic surfactant significantly enhanced the peak current intensity of trifluralin. Under optimal analytical conditions, an analytical curve was obtained in the concentration range of 0.48–32.20 µM. The limits of detection and quantification were estimated at 0.031 and 0.104 µM, respectively. The method was successfully applied to quantify trifluralin in samples of water, orange and tomato juice, and green pepper, carrot, and onion extracts, with recovery rates of 97.9–102.1%. The results were in good agreement with those obtained using high-performance liquid chromatography, indicating that the proposed electrochemical method can be employed to quantify trifluralin in various types foods, with sensitivity, specificity, selectivity and reproducibility.     

电极材料对脉冲等离子体降解有机废气的影响分析

用脉冲等离子体降解有机废气,对甲苯、二甲苯的降解率达73％～91％,对二氯甲烷的降解率达82％。在实验中发现电极材料的不同会影响分解效果,其中钨电极的降解率最高。本文运用等离子体化学中放电气体电子碰撞电离和化学自由基产生的机理以及阴极电子学中带电粒子轰击电极表面激发二次电子发射的理论,通过比较不同金属电极的二次电子发射系数δ,研究电极材料对脉冲等离子体降解有机废气影响的机理,发现主要是由于不同电极材料δ值的差异引起降解率的差异,电极稳定性对降解率和电极寿命也有重要影响。在实验的三种电极材料中钨的δ值最大,其最大二次电子发射系数δ_m为1.4,铜其次为1.29,不锈钢最小约为1.24,这成为导致三者降解率差异的主要原因。     

电化学法直接快速测定COD初步研究

对一种全新的方法—电化学法测定COD进行了初步研究。制备出析氧超电位很大的铂基α PbO2 和 β PbO2 双镀层电极 ,并用以电解产生羟基自由基直接氧化废水中有机物。在本研究确定的条件下 ,COD标液在 0～ 30 0mg L呈良好的线性关系 ,一次测定仅需 30s。     

麦芽糊精修饰测酚酪氨酸酶膜电极的研制

研究了用麦芽糊精修饰的电流型酪氨酸酶膜电极测水中酚类污染物质的方法。电极的工作条件为 :工作电位- 1 0 0mV ,工作pH值 5 4 0 ,测量时间 3min。在此测量条件下 ,所研制电极对苯酚浓度的检测下限为 1 0 0×1 0 - 6 mol L ,线性区间为 1 0 0× 1 0 - 6 ～ 1 0 0× 1 0 - 4mol L ,精密度和准确度良好 ,分别为 2 5 %和 0 2 0 % ,并具有一定的抗阴阳离子干扰的能力。此电极对其它酚类物质如邻苯二酚、对氯苯酚、间甲酚等都有良好的响应。在使用 72h后 ,电极响应最好 ,1周后电极仍可用于检测     

三维电极法处理含钴、锰废水

采用三维电极法对工业精对苯二甲酸(PTA)装置产生的含钴、锰废水进行处理.通过与传统二维电极法的处理效果进行比较,论证了三维电极法脱除Co2+,Mn2+的优越性.探究了填料类型、极板间电压、粒子电极填充比(粒子电极质量(g)与废水体积(mL)的比)、极板间距等工艺参数对Co2+,Mn2+脱除率的影响.实验结果表明,适宜...