Economic,ecological, and equity dimensions of brownfield redevelopment plans for environmental justice communities in the USA

ABSTRACT

This paper employs qualitative content analysis to assess 28 brownfield redevelopment plans produced as part of a US Environmental Protection Agency programme. The analysis framework followed the economic, ecological, and social equity dimensions of sustainable development. The findings illustrate that, in terms of economic dimensions, most plans discussed financing the overall project, but few mentioned site values or the pivotal cost of remediating brownfield sites or addressed questions related to liability, the transfer of ownership of sites, or the end use of remediated sites. In terms of ecological dimensions, while many plans suggested “green” uses of existing brownfields, few discussed the impacts of the plans on urban ecological issues or offered technical feasibility of remediating the sites. In terms of social equity dimensions, half of the plans described potential local jobs stemming from the proposed redevelopment, but many did not discuss the human impacts of remediating contaminated sites or the costs of doing nothing. Most plans mentioned community engagement methods but not their outcomes, making the degree to which the lessons gleaned from such engagement influenced the plans totally unclear. Despite the programme’s explicit focus on the nexus of environmental justice and local environments, many plans struggled to address the topic in favour of tackling broader economic, environmental, and equity issues. Overall, this paper contributes to the understanding of brownfield redevelopment planning by not only summarising and synthesising the tendencies of existing plans but also suggesting strategies to address areas in which current planning efforts fall short.     

低能N+离子注入Spj0104菌株的诱变选育研究

利用低能N 离子注入对Spj0104菌株进行诱变育种,作了多梯度能量和剂量实验,通过对注入后诱变菌株的摇瓶发酵检测,得出适合的能量为30 KeV,剂量为6.0×1015ions/cm2.在合适的能量和剂量基础上对能量、剂量、脉冲和间隔时间进行了正交实验,确定出最佳注入条件为能量20 KeV,剂量4.0×1015ions/cm2,脉冲时间15 s,间隔时间15 s.并在此条件下对一次离子注入后获得的优良菌株Spi03做了二次离子诱变,筛选到一株菌株酶活较出发菌株提高了174.98%的高产菌株Sp208.图2,表5,参8.     

论自然资源费制度

在国家控制自然资源和重要自然资源国家所有的模式下,原生态的自然资源主要由国家供给和管理,而通过法律构建自然资源费制度是自然资源有偿使用和有偿管理,并进行自然资源更新、培育的有效途径。明确自然资源费的涵义和分类,依据公共物品和外部不经济内部化理论,并结合社会转型过程的法律背景确立自然资源费制度的内容是构建这一制度的关键。     

纳米SiO_2强化混凝处理微污染海水试验研究

对纳米SiO2与FeCl3复配使用强化混凝处理低浊微污染海水进行了实验研究,探讨了纳米SiO2强化混凝处理海水的净化效果及影响因素。试验结果表明,对于低浊微污染海水,强化混凝能有效提高微污染海水的絮凝除污效果、改善絮体沉降性能、缩短沉淀时间。试验条件下,出水浊度、UV254、CODMn和TP去除率较单独投加FeCl3(20 mg/L)分别提高3.9%、6.1%、9.5%和7.3%。     

Fenton试剂催化氧化法处理离子交换树脂再生废水

针对离子交换树脂再生废水中的难降解有机物利用Fenton试剂进行催化氧化处理。实验结果表明：当反应条件是H2O2与FeSO4·7H2O摩尔比为5：1、H：O2（30％）投加量为0．35mol／L（4次投加）、pH值为3．5、反应时间为2h时,废水的处理效果最佳;并采用正交实验确定了各反应因素对废水的CODcr去除效果的影响水平。     

失效锂离子电池有机物真空脱除和浸出研究

文章采用真空蒸发热处理的方法脱除废弃失效的锂离子电池中的有机物,加热温度为220~500℃,真空炉内压力150Pa,恒温处理时间1h。除有机物被脱除外,当处理温度为280℃时形成了CoO和Li2CO3。温度升高至350℃时,主要的物相为LiCoO2、CoO、Co3O4和Co,以及少量Li2CO3。在超声场中将电极材料与铝、铜箔集流体分离,然后分别用含亚硫酸钠的硫酸溶液和氨性溶液处理电极材料。当用含亚硫酸钠的硫酸溶液浸出经280℃脱除有机物的电极材料时,钴元素基本被浸出。而用氨性溶液浸出经350℃脱除有机物的电极材料时,钴元素的浸出率很低。为了提高钴的浸出率,真空热处理的温度应介于280~350℃之间。     

四川空中水资源的稳定性与可开发性研究

利用1948—2008年的NCEP/NCAR逐月再分析资料,计算了四川地区大气中的可降水量、水汽含量相对变率、水汽输送通量和水汽输送通量散度,分析了四川空中水资源的稳定性与可开发性。结果表明:水汽含量的稳定性特征与水汽含量有密切关系,水汽含量高的东南部,水汽含量稳定;水汽含量相对低的西北地区,水汽含量不稳定。盆地月水汽含量的平均年际变化特点为:夏季小、冬季大,东部小、西部大,1948—2008年以来,区域平均的年大气可降水量总体呈偏多—偏少—偏多—偏少的趋势。大部分水汽集中在对流层中下层,主要来自印度季风区孟加拉湾和南海,而对流层中上层,则以中纬度西风带输送为主。春、秋、冬季四川东南地区有较强的水汽辐合中心,结合大气环流和大气湿度分布揭示了区域上空水汽汇聚,可以较好地指导云雨作业。     

Effect of Fe（Ⅲ） on the bromate reduction by humic substances in aqueous solution

Humic substances are ubiquitous redox-active organic compounds of environment. In this study, experiments were conducted to determine the reduction capacity of humic acid in the man-ix of bromate and Fe（Ⅲ） solutions and the role of Fe（Ⅲ） in this redox process. The results showed that the humic acid regenerated Fe（Ⅱ） and reduced bromate abiotically. The addition of Fe（Ⅲ） could accelerate the bromate reduction rate by forming humic acid-Fe（Ⅲ） complexes. Iron species acts as electron mediator and catalyst for the bromate reduction by humic acid, in which humic acid transfers electrons to the complexed Fe（Ⅲ） to form Fe（Ⅱ）, and the regenerated Fe（Ⅱ） donate the electrons to bromate. The kinetics study on bromate reduction further indicated that bromate reduction by humic acid-Fe（Ⅲ） complexes is pH dependent. The rate decreased by 2-fold with the increase in solution pH by one unit. The reduction capacity of Aldrich humic acid was observed to be lower than that of humic acid or natural organic matter of Suwanne River, indicating that such redox process is expected to occur in the environment.     

腐殖酸在氯离子体系中的电解氧化特性

通过小型实验对腐殖酸模拟废水进行了电解氧化处理,考察了阳极材料、氯离子初始浓度对腐殖酸电解氧化处理效果的影响,探讨了腐殖酸在电解处理过程中分子量分布的变化及电解产生的低分子量产物组成.研究结果表明,PbO2阳极的电解处理效果比 Ru-Ir/Ti阳极的处理效果好,当废水在氯离子体系中电解时.可缩小2种阳极对CODCr去除效果的差距;电解后溶液中溶解性有机物的分子量分布向小分子量方向转变;当溶液中有氯离子存在时,电解过程产生的 ClO-的间接氧化作用可有效地将大分子有机物降解为小分子有机物.腐殖酸在氯离子体系中电解生成的低分子量化合物主要有 CO2、氯仿、乙酸、苯酚、苯乙醇、2H-1,4 氯苯基双氮杂卓-2-1,1-(1,1-二甲基乙基)-萘酚、3-(3-羧基-4-羟基-5-硝基酚)-D-丙氨酸等.     

磷石膏联产硫酸钡和氯化钙的研究

介绍了由废渣磷石膏联产硫酸钡和氯化钙的工艺,硫酸钡产品的纯度优于GB/T2899-89的一级品标准,氯化钙产品纯度优于HG/T2327-92的一级品标准。