高风险系统组织因素分类与绩效评价

在收集以组织绩效评价、人的可靠性和人误分析为目的的两类组织因素分类的基础上,结合问卷调查,并依据建立的概念上的组织因素分类框架,从组织的目标和战略、组织结构、资源、规程、管理功能、培训、交流、组织文化等方面确立组织因素分类指标,基本克服了传统的组织因素分类缺陷。同时,依据组织因素的分类,考虑到组织绩效评价的复杂性和不确定性,采用模糊决策方法对某组织的绩效进行评价,识别出该组织现存的主要缺陷:组织管理方面的问题以及组织的结构设计不太合理等问题。     

A chemical residue survey in relation to the 1930 spruce budworm spray program in New Brunswick (Canada)

Abstract

This paper describes the results from a pesticide residue survey conducted in relation to the 1980 spraying of insecticides in New Brunswick (Canada) to preserve the coniferous forest from an on‐going spruce buciworm infestation. A total of 465 water and air samples were collected from 12 sites throughout the Province.

In water, fenitrothion was usually detected at about the same time that spraying occurred in the immediate area of the sites. The maximum that was ever detected was 2 0.0 ppb and persistence was usually United to a few days except in a small pond where fenitrothion was detected for a total of 18 consecutive days. Aminofenitrothion was also detected at a maximum of 8.0 ppb.

Fenitrothion was only detected occasionally in air samples the maximum being 1.2 ng/dm³. However, aminofenitrothion was present in several air samples at c. maximum of 12.0 ng/dm ³.     

Contribution to the characterisation of eco-design projects

Lots of eco-designed projects were carried out successfully, and eco-designed products are now on the market. However, it is very difficult for designers and engineers to compare their design projects to those already done and consequently to reuse the knowledge gained. In a more general perspective, a method to take advantage of previous experiences in eco-design is needed. This paper is a contribution to develop a standard for eco-design practices and proposes a framework to characterise both eco-design projects and eco-tools. Forty case studies from the literature were exploited to extract criteria and options to define the framework. The proposed usage-oriented classification of eco-tools, associated with the practical analysis frame of the design projects, was implemented and finally robust enough to characterise 40 projects.     

浏阳农业结构类型及可持续发展的技术对策

根据农业自然资源特点、经济发展水平和生态环境状况,建立了区域农业结构类型的划分方法,把区域农业结构划分为8种类型。运用这一划分方法,对浏阳市农业资源、经济与生态结构类型进行了划分,结果表明,浏阳属于农业自然资源相对短缺、经济相对发达和生态环境状况相对较差的农业结构类型。在此基础上,用定位分析方法分析了浏阳市区位、资源位、经济位和生态位特点,对15种农业生态系统模式的效益状况进行了对比分析。根据农业发展现状,针对资源利用、产业发展及生态环境方面存在的问题,提出了实现农业可持续发展的技术选择:劳动密集型技术、品种资源改良与优良农业生物资源的引进、农产品加工及深加工技术、无公害、绿色和有机食品开发利用技术、旅游资源开发利用技术及废弃物资源化利用技术。     

新兴中等工业城市的防洪问题：顺德市防洪预案编制事例

以顺德市编制防洪预案为例，阐明发展中的工业城市面临城市化、市场经济化新局势，所需理顺的一些关系，诸如：防洪保护对象、各部门的防洪职能、防洪队伍及物资的组织调度等等。     

宁海发电厂脱硫除雾器运行优化及防堵措施

分析了国华宁海发电厂600MW机组WFGD系统除雾器的应用环境及结构原理，提出了运行过程中除雾器优化方式以及防堵塞措施，为其他火电厂湿法脱硫系统解决同类问题提供参考。     

International Comparison of Occupational Safety and Health Research—A Review Based on Published Articles

A comparison of international literature in occupational safety and health (OSH) research over the years from 1980 to 1998 was conducted. The comparison is based on the different languages of the over 35,000 articles, which were collected from different databases. The distribution of languages in the analyzed data has to be considered carefully with respect to the original purpose of the data collection and the specific role of the international publication language, English. The comparison shows that in several aspects OSH research does not differ in different publication languages. In some methodological aspects, and in specific objects of research, differences between articles published in different languages can be found.     

基于K-means聚类分析法的肇庆市干季PM2.5污染天气分型研究

通过分析肇庆市2013—2018年国控大气环境监测站的PM_(2.5)连续监测数据,发现肇庆市区PM_(2.5)浓度在干季(10月—次年4月)明显高于其余月份,轻度以上污染基本发生在干季,且PM_(2.5)浓度对年总浓度贡献达70.8%.基于Era-interim再分析资料采用K-means聚类分析法对2013—2018年干季逐日的海平面气压和10 m水平风进行分型,揭示了肇庆市易出现PM_(2.5)污染的6种大气环流形势,包括冷锋前部(CF)、变性高压脊(THR)、脊后槽前型(BRFT)、高压底后部(HSW)、弱冷高压脊(HR)和台风外围型(TP).2013—2016年易污染天气型影响天数呈明显减少趋势,2017—2018年呈增加趋势.不同天气型PM_(2.5)浓度与局地气象要素相关性不一致,其中CF、HR、HSW、TP天气型与湿度相关性最好,THR与风速、BRFT与气压相关性最好.PM_(2.5)污染除BRFT天气型主要以本地排放累积影响为主,其余易污染天气型存在不同尺度的外来输送影响,HSW、HR主要来自广州、清远、韶关, CF主要来自佛山、中山,THR来自广州、清远、佛山.同一污染天气型在不同月份的污染影响差异较大,其中HSW、THR污染型主要影响1月和10月,CF为1月和12月,HR为2月和12月,TP为10月,BRFT为1月和10—11月.不同年份的同一月份造成不同程度的PM_(2.5)污染除了排放影响,还与天气环流类型和同一天气型下的局地气象要素密切相关.     

Development of an Ecologic Marine Classification in the New Zealand Region

We describe here the development of an ecosystem classification designed to underpin the conservation management of marine environments in the New Zealand region. The classification was defined using multivariate classification using explicit environmental layers chosen for their role in driving spatial variation in biologic patterns: depth, mean annual solar radiation, winter sea surface temperature, annual amplitude of sea surface temperature, spatial gradient of sea surface temperature, summer sea surface temperature anomaly, mean wave-induced orbital velocity at the seabed, tidal current velocity, and seabed slope. All variables were derived as gridded data layers at a resolution of 1 km. Variables were selected by assessing their degree of correlation with biologic distributions using separate data sets for demersal fish, benthic invertebrates, and chlorophyll-a. We developed a tuning procedure based on the Mantel test to refine the classification's discrimination of variation in biologic character. This was achieved by increasing the weighting of variables that play a dominant role and/or by transforming variables where this increased their correlation with biologic differences. We assessed the classification's ability to discriminate biologic variation using analysis of similarity. This indicated that the discrimination of biologic differences generally increased with increasing classification detail and varied for different taxonomic groups. Advantages of using a numeric approach compared with geographic-based (regionalisation) approaches include better representation of spatial patterns of variation and the ability to apply the classification at widely varying levels of detail. We expect this classification to provide a useful framework for a range of management applications, including providing frameworks for environmental monitoring and reporting and identifying representative areas for conservation.     

上海市生活垃圾全程分类模式的研究和实践

提出了生活垃圾全程分类模式。通过试点，着重论述与该模式相对应的工作内容和方法，对城市生活垃圾的减量化、资源化、无害化推进具有指导意义。