环境信息分类编码标准化

本文论述了我国环境信息分类编码标准化工作及其重要意义,着重探讨了信息分类的方法,提出了对我国环境信息分类编码工作的意见。      

秦皇岛市环境规划决策支持系统初探

在分析传统的宏观和微观环境决策模型的基础上,着重探讨了宏观与微观环境决策模型的结合使用问题,并根据秦皇岛市的实际,分析了建立环境规划决策支持系统的基本框架以及该系统的主要功能。      

我国《非常规工作制条件下职业接触限值调整指南》的核心内容

对我国现行的职业接触限值进行梳理,系统研究美国、加拿大等国家职业接触限值调整的原理及方法,提出我国非常规工作制条件下职业接触限值的调整,进行系统综述,确定标准框架及实施难点和技术问题,建立722种职业性化学有害因素数据库,确定其调整分类,专家评议。确定我国《非常规工作制条件下职业接触限值调整指南》的核心内容,包括调整原则、步骤、调整系数的计算以及根据健康损害类型、生物半减期（如果已知）、建立职业接触限值的依据以及毒理学及药（毒）代动力学数据对722种职业性化学有害因素的非常规工作制调整分类及调整方法等。调整方法包括4种:不需调整、日调整、周调整及日调整或周调整（选择2者中较严格的1种）。建议尽快以推荐性标准发布《非常规工作制条件下职业接触限值调整指南》,并加快多种接触联合作用研究。     

平原区农村居民点用地空间整治分类研究——以河北省曲周县为例

土地整治是对低效、空闲和不合理利用的土地进行治理,提高土地利用率和产出率的活动,是各类土地整理、复垦、开发以及城乡建设用地增减挂钩等活动的统称,其实质内容之一是从空间上对土地利用进行优化布局。农村居民点用地是我国进行土地整治的重要区域,对于农村居民点用地空间整治进行分类研究是新农村建设和农村土地整治的前提和基础工作。曲周县位于黄淮海平原的中部,黄淮海平原是我国主要的粮食主产区和农村人口的集聚地,对于其农村居民点用地空间整治分类进行研究,对于实现区域城乡一体化发展具有战略意义。论文按照新农村建设的要求,从发展基础、生产条件、生活条件和生态环境四个方面选取农村居民点用地整治的评价指标,利用量化后的指标和多因素综合评价法,运用聚类分析法将曲周县农村居民点用地空间整治划分为就地城镇化型、重点发展型、限制扩建型和迁移合并型四种类型。研究结果符合实际,为当地土地整治和新农村建设工作提供了理论支撑,对于其他类似地区具有借鉴意义。     

十一五省际节能绩效及绿色距离变化

从十一五节能目标出发,利用2006~2010年全国30个省区的统计数据,分析了各省区节能效率及绿色距离的变化。结论如下：（1）依据各省区单位GDP能耗、单位IAV能耗和单位GDP电耗数据计算它们的节能量与节能效率,结果发现各省区节能量与节能效率差异较大;（2）利用单位GDP能耗与单位IAV能耗、单位GDP电耗的面板数据,确定了生态省建设的单位IAV能耗、单位GDP电耗标准分别为1.513 7tce和95547度;（3）依据能耗绿色距离和生态化实现度公式,分析了各省区能耗绿色距离和生态化实现度的变化。既是对过去5 a各省区节能效率的回顾性评价,同时也为未来5 a各省区节能降耗提供了参考依据     

基于模糊聚类的应急物资分类储备研究

对品种繁多的应急物资进行分类是科学储备应急物资的前提和基础。以应急物资的自然属性和社会属性以及突发事件的应急需求为基础,从应急物资的有效使用期限、用途、生产周期、价格、市场流通量、社会集中拥有量、突发事件的预计需求量和需求层次8个方面建立应急物资的分类指标体系;采用模糊聚类的方法对应急物资进行分类,并用经验正交函数方法确定应急物资的最佳分类数量;最后探讨了每一类应急物资的储备模式,为应急物资的科学储备提供借鉴。     

Toxicity of 58 substituted anilines and phenols to algae Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata and bacteria Vibrio fischeri: comparison with published data and QSARs

A congeneric set of 58 substituted anilines and phenols was tested using the 72-h algal growth inhibition assay with Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata and 15-min Vibrio fischeri luminescence inhibition assay. The set contained molecules substituted with one, two or three groups chosen from -chloro, -methyl or -ethyl. For 48 compounds there was no REACH-compatible algal toxicity data available before. The experimentally obtained EC50 values (mg L⁻¹) for algae ranged from 1.43 (3,4,5-trichloroaniline) to 197 (phenol) and for V. fischeri from 0.37 (2,3,5-trichlorophenol) to 491 (aniline). Only five of the tested 58 chemicals showed inhibitory effect to algae at concentrations >100 mg L⁻¹, i.e. could be classified as “not harmful”, 32 chemicals as “harmful” (10-100 mg L⁻¹) and 21 as “toxic” (1-10 mg L⁻¹). The occupied para-position tended to increase toxicity whereas most of the ortho-substituted congeners were the least toxic. As a rule, the higher the number of substituents the higher the hydrophobicity and toxicity. However, in case of both assays, the compounds of similar hydrophobicity showed up to 30-fold different toxicities. There were also assay/organism dependent tendencies: phenols were more toxic than anilines in the V. fischeri assay but not in the algal test. The comparison of the experimental toxicity data to the data available from the literature as well as to QSAR predictions showed that toxicity of phenols to algae can be modeled based on hydrophobicity, whereas the toxicity of anilines to algae as well as toxicity of both anilines and phenols to V. fischeri depended on other characteristics in addition to logK_ow.     

生态系统评价的回顾与展望--从北美生态区域评价到新千年全球生态系统评估

生态系统评价对于生态系统的可持续经营以及社会可持续发展具有重要意义。本文简要介绍了在生态区域评价的发展过程中具有重要意义的一系列事件，阐述了生态系统评价在北美和全球的发展过程、生态系统评价的有关概念、内容及其对于生态系统可持续经营的重要意义，同时还介绍了我国参与新千年生态系统评估的一些行动，并对中国的生态系统评价提出看法。     

Human Influences on Water Quality in Great Lakes Coastal Wetlands

A better understanding of relationships between human activities and water chemistry is needed to identify and manage sources of anthropogenic stress in Great Lakes coastal wetlands. The objective of the study described in this article was to characterize relationships between water chemistry and multiple classes of human activity (agriculture, population and development, point source pollution, and atmospheric deposition). We also evaluated the influence of geomorphology and biogeographic factors on stressor-water quality relationships. We collected water chemistry data from 98 coastal wetlands distributed along the United States shoreline of the Laurentian Great Lakes and GIS-based stressor data from the associated drainage basin to examine stressor-water quality relationships. The sampling captured broad ranges (1.5–2 orders of magnitude) in total phosphorus (TP), total nitrogen (TN), dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN), total suspended solids (TSS), chlorophyll a (Chl a), and chloride; concentrations were strongly correlated with stressor metrics. Hierarchical partitioning and all-subsets regression analyses were used to evaluate the independent influence of different stressor classes on water quality and to identify best predictive models. Results showed that all categories of stress influenced water quality and that the relative influence of different classes of disturbance varied among water quality parameters. Chloride exhibited the strongest relationships with stressors followed in order by TN, Chl a, TP, TSS, and DIN. In general, coarse scale classification of wetlands by morphology (three wetland classes: riverine, protected, open coastal) and biogeography (two ecoprovinces: Eastern Broadleaf Forest [EBF] and Laurentian Mixed Forest [LMF]) did not improve predictive models. This study provides strong evidence of the link between water chemistry and human stress in Great Lakes coastal wetlands and can be used to inform management efforts to improve water quality in Great Lakes coastal ecosystems.     

化学合成类制药工业污染排放自行监测方案设计要点

阐述了化学合成类制药工业污染排放自行监测方案的编制依据,分析了化学合成制药的生产工艺与污染排放特征,在此基础上提出了自行监测方案的主要内容,以及监测点位、监测指标、监测频次设定的注意事项,并明确了特殊情况监测方案的设计原则及自行监测信息记录的相关内容。