Water Resources Research Prioritization and Management-Problems and Perspectives1

ABSTRACT: At a time when productive water resources research is essential to protecting the quality of and wisely using our limited water resources, pervasive trends toward consumerism, fiscal restraint, centralized management, and using research for other social objectives threaten research productivity. The research prioritization and management structure that these trends have created was examined in the microcosm of its application at the Utah Water Research Laboratory. The result indicated that ephemeral prioritization and the failure of research users to target researchers to their own particular needs is diluting productivity. Incremental research prioritization and greater use of advisory councils in facilitating user-researcher interaction are suggested as corrective approaches, but the only firm conclusion at this point in time must be that empirical studies of the performance of alternatives in research management structure are solely needed.     

Recreation and river type: Social-environmental relationships

Recreation use was studied on a diverse state river system to test the hypothesis that recreation use patterns vary systematically by river type. River segments were classified into representative river types through application of a two-fold classification system. The first classification factor, generalized geomorphology, defines and groups the dominant resource bases of which rivers are comprised. The second classification factor, cultural setting, defines the land use and settlement patterns in which each river type is found. Significant differences were found among resulting river types with respect to the nature and intensity of recreation activity, desired use density, and user perceived problems and conflicts. Management recommendations were developed, based on study findings, for each river type. It is concluded that when both environmental attributes and cultural setting are taken into account, regularities appear with respect to the way in which river resources are used and perceived by recreationists. Further exploration and expansion of such recreation-resource relationships to other activities and environments may hold substantial implications for the allocation and management of outdoor recreation resources.     

流域农村生活垃圾收运、处理模式探析研究——以巢湖流域为例

流域农村生活垃圾产量大,无害化处理水平低,已成为威胁流域水环境安全的重要因素.以巢湖流域为例,构建了农村生活垃圾收运、处理模式.从技术、经济、环境三方面分析,得出结论：农村“桶装车载直运模式”和“垃圾综合处理模式”可以充分利用现有垃圾处理设施,经村庄收集、乡镇转运,最终实现垃圾减量化、资源化、无害化.     

环境意识影响因素对大学生垃圾分类行为的研究

利用正交设计对环境意识影响大学生垃圾分类行为的结果进行分析,了解适应性、攀比心理、宣传、学校强制性要求等因素对垃圾分类的影响程度,结合方差分析法对结果进行综合评价,为高校促进大学生进行垃圾分类提供理论依据.分析表明,不同影响因素对男、女生的影响程度不同.其中,强制性因素对女生影响比较大,而攀比心理对男生影响比较大.因此,建议高校对女生采取监督管制的手段提高其环境表现,对男生采取公开垃圾分类结果的方法促进其进行垃圾分类.     

垃圾分类处置典型案例分析及新思路研究

中国固体废弃物的回收、处理、利用形势不容乐观.结合当前形势,参考国内外垃圾分类的成功案例,对比分析中日的垃圾分类现状和数据,认为中国垃圾分类应从以下两条新思路改进,一是从处理方式上改进回收方式;二是结合具体情况以及人群,考虑垃圾分类的方法.最后分析了新思路下,垃圾回收的环境和经济效益.并提出通过大数据、物联网对垃圾回收全过程的监控,管理的展望.     

城市人居环境宜居性评价研究——以临沂市为例

论文首先建立了城市人居环境宜居性评价指标体系,体系包括自然环境和社会经济环境两个子系统,继而下面又分了8个评价因子和38个评价指标。另外根据目前我国的环境质量标准和有关文明城市、生态园林城市建设标准以及相关文献等对指标体系进行了等级划分,即分为5个等级,并制定了评判标准。同时引入BP神经网络模型,以临沂市为例,采用1998～2006年间数据来进行实证研究。该模型可为量化城市人居环境质量之间的差距作参考。     

基于调整机制的环境政策工具分类与发展趋势

综述了国内外学者与机构对于环境政策分类的研究与实践,基于调整机制对中国环境政策工具进行分类。在分析不同类型政策工具特点的基础上建立环境政策工具类别框架并指出今后环境政策工具的发展趋势是通过工具组合实现工具创新,建立混合型政策工具以应对复杂的环境形势。     

液氨泄漏风险评估和风险分级方法

通过选择具体案例对液氨储存区进行风险评估,得到不同大气条件下、一定时间内泄漏液氨蒸气的影响范围和浓度分布情况,并根据液氨急性毒性准则将案例的计算结果进行危害分级,可为该项目安全规划和决策的制定以及实现对风险的预防和控制提供依据。     

《环境保护档案分类表》的应用初探

回顾了《中国档案分类法环境保护档案分类表》（以下简称“分类表”）产生变化的历史过程,分析了环境监测档案工作运用存在的不足,指出“分类表”更新的必要性与迫切性,对“分类表”类目的扩充与细化展开探讨。论述“分类表”在环境监测档案的信息分类标引与档案实体分类中的作用。     

中国水环境压力与水污染防治能力的区域差异

根据2005年中国31个省、市的水污染物处理情况、水资源和人均地区生产总值的统计数据,分析区域间的差异。结果表明:目前中国区域水环境压力和水污染防治能力与经济水平都呈现显著空间线性正相关,而水环境压力与水污染防治能力的空间线性相关性不显著,根据不同区域水环境压力和水污染防治能力的关系,按照加强水污染防治能力的紧迫程度,从大到小分为Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ四级区域,分别对不同区域进行了现状分析和对策建议。