Using loose nanofiltration membrane for lake water treatment: A pilot study

• A pilot study was conducted for drinking water treatment using loose NF membranes. • The membranes had very high rejection of NOM and medium rejection of Ca²⁺/Mg²⁺. • Organic fouling was dominant and contribution of inorganic fouling was substantial. • Both organic and inorganic fouling had spatial non-uniformity on membrane surface. • Applying EDTA at basic conditions was effective in removing membrane fouling. Nanofiltration (NF) using loose membranes has a high application potential for advanced treatment of drinking water by selectively removing contaminants from the water, while membrane fouling remains one of the biggest problems of the process. This paper reported a seven-month pilot study of using a loose NF membrane to treat a sand filtration effluent which had a relatively high turbidity (~0.4 NTU) and high concentrations of organic matter (up to 5 mg/L as TOC), hardness and sulfate. Results showed that the membrane demonstrated a high rejection of TOC (by>90%) and a moderately high rejection of two pesticides (54%–82%) while a moderate rejection of both calcium and magnesium (~45%) and a low rejection of total dissolved solids (~27%). The membrane elements suffered from severe membrane fouling, with the membrane permeance decreased by 70% after 85 days operation. The membrane fouling was dominated by organic fouling, while biological fouling was moderate. Inorganic fouling was mainly caused by deposition of aluminum-bearing substances. Though inorganic foulants were minor contents on membrane, their contribution to overall membrane fouling was substantial. Membrane fouling was not uniform on membrane. While contents of organic and inorganic foulants were the highest at the inlet and outlet region, respectively, the severity of membrane fouling increased from the inlet to the outlet region of membrane element with a difference higher than 30%. While alkaline cleaning was not effective in removing the membrane foulants, the use of ethylenediamine tetraacetate (EDTA) at alkaline conditions could effectively restore the membrane permeance.     

纳米技术及材料在环境保护中的应用

概述了纳米技术及材料在环境保护中的应用情况,特别是在污水处理与空气净化方面,认为纳米技术及材料的应用将会给环境科学带来突破性进展,为彻底改善环境和从源头上控制新的污染源的产生创造条件,表明利用纳米技术及纳米材料解决环境污染问题将成为未来环境保护发展的必然趋势。     

声-化联合法清洗含油钻屑

将超声波与pH敏感型表面活性剂(P(MMA-MAA-CS))联合使用,利用声-化联合法清洗含油钻屑。研究了不同因素对清洗效果的影响,并利用界面张力和三相接触角实验探讨了清洗机理。实验获得的最佳清洗条件为:固液质量比1∶5,P(MMA-MAA-CS)加入量0.5%(w),NaOH加入量2%(w),超声时间20 min,超声功率200 W。在此条件下清洗2次后,钻屑含油量可降低至0.82%,达到GB18599—2001《一般工业固体废物存、处置场污染控制标准》的要求。     

电改电袋复合除尘器在220MW机组上的应用

分析了某电厂220MW机组燃煤锅炉电改电袋复合除尘器的设计优化、运行调试和关键参数,重点对比了改造后电袋复合除尘器和常规袋式除尘器的清灰周期、运行阻力等参数变化,为燃煤锅炉电改电袋复合除尘器设计和运行维护的提供参考。     

炼油污泥的热化学清洗处理

以广西省某炼化企业污水处理系统的炼油污泥为研究对象,采用热化学法对其进行清洗处理。对比了含油率的测定方法,对8种药剂进行筛选和复配,同时通过正交实验确定清洗工艺参数,并对重金属污染物进行分析。实验结果表明:8种药剂中Na2Si O3的清洗效果最好,而复配药剂(Na OH与Na2Si O3的质量比为1∶5)的清洗效果优于单一Na2Si O3;在清洗温度70℃、搅拌转速350 r/min、搅拌时间30 min、复配药剂质量分数5.0%、液固比3∶1的最佳工艺参数下,单级洗油率为63.6%,三级洗油率为69.4%、残油率为15.6%;清洗前后炼油污泥中Zn,Mn,Cu,Cr等重金属含量均超过GB 15618—1995《土壤环境质量标准》三级标准限值。     

声波清灰技术的原理及其应用

声波清灰是一种利用声场能量的作用,清除物料表面积灰的方法.主要介绍了声波清灰技术在静电除尘器和布袋除尘器中的工作原理及其应用现状.     

危险废物焚烧烟气净化工艺研究

通过实际工程分析了危险废物焚烧烟气的特性及烟气净化工艺的选择方法,探讨了湿法喷淋塔吸收剂的选取、喷淋吸收后浆液处理,同时分析探讨了烟气净化工艺的各段操作温度如何设定。     

膜生物反应器中膜污染机理和控制研究新进展

膜生物反应器(MBR)相比于传统活性污泥法具有出水水质好、设备占地面积小、剩余污泥产率低和便于自动控制等诸多优点,在污水处理和回用方面极具发展前景。然而膜污染是制约MBR广泛应用的最大障碍。文章着眼于总结MBR中膜污染机理和控制的研究新进展。介绍了MBR中膜污染的分类、污染机理和膜污染影响因素的研究概况,在此基础上,综述了MBR膜污染控制方法方面的进展,并对MBR中的膜污染机理和控制的研究发展方向做了展望。     

碱性锌酸盐镀锌废水处理与回用的实践

以７４６厂为实例，介绍了碱性锌酸盐镀锌废水处理与回用的工程实例．实例表明，含锌废水回用不仅能节约水资源，而且能取得良好的经济、环境和社会效益．该回用工程的投资省、回收期为２２个月．     

三相流化床气体净化技术及其应用研究

介绍了丰相流化床气体净化技术的机理，研究了净化２种不同性质的工业气体所采取的措施。结果表明，该技术对大流量工业气体的净化，特别对纸浆厂备料车间的尾气处理和燃煤电厂的烟气除尘脱硫，具有非常明显的竞争优势。