花岗岩风化壳的不均一性与海岸带的可蚀性研究——以南海北大陆海岸带为例

海岸带岩土动力学特征的差异是影响海岸侵蚀过程与方向的重要因素之一。南海北大陆海岸带主要由花岗岩风化边坡组成。通过对该海岸带的北东翼及西南翼典型花岗岩风化壳剖面的黏土矿物及风化指标研究发现,两者存在不均一性：横向上,北东翼黏土矿物主要以高岭石、伊利石为主;西南翼黏土矿物主要以高岭石、伊利石和绿泥石为主,两翼均未见较明显的蒙脱石。相同层位比较,西南翼黏土矿物总量高于北东翼。垂向上,自地表到深部,北东翼黏土矿物组合及总量无明显的分层性,而西南翼则呈明显的分层性且地表含量明显高于深部。海岸带的风化作用也存在明显的不均一性：表现为横向上,北东翼海岸带风化程度要稍弱于西南翼;垂向上,北东翼化学风化指标n（Al2O3）/n（SiO2）,n（Fe2O3＋Al2O3）/n（SiO2）,n（TiO2）/n（Al2O3）、CIA在风化壳中呈无规律变化,而西南翼则呈明显的分层性,这种分层基本与表土层、红土层及砂土层成一定的对应关系。从化学可蚀性指标来看,由南海北大陆海岸带花岗岩风化壳演化而成的土壤均为强抗蚀性,但相同层位比较,北东翼可蚀性要稍弱于西南翼剖面。研究认为,组成南海北大陆海岸带的花岗岩风化壳之黏土矿物与风化作用的不均一性可很大程度影响海岸带的可蚀性。     

沿海三市饮用水源水内分泌干扰毒性研究

近十多年来,江苏沿海化工产业发展迅速,化工废水的长期排放对水生生态系统及人群健康构成潜在威胁.采用非洲猴肾细胞(CV-1)核受体介导的体外转录激活试验方法,对中国东部沿海A、B、C三市的6个水源地进行了拟雌激素活性调查研究.结果表明:C市2处水源水的有机提取物在枯水期、平水期和丰水期均无拟雌激素活性检出,水质较好;A市...     

郯庐断裂带江苏段第四纪活动特征及其动力学背景探讨

本文通过对郯庐断裂带江苏段开展的野外调查、深部构造和运动学特征等方面的研究,结合近年来最新的研究成果,对郯庐断裂带江苏段的第四纪活动特征及其动力学背景进行了探讨.邦庐断裂带江苏段第四纪活动具有东强西弱、北强南弱的特征;郯庐断裂带第四纪的逆冲活动主要受西太平洋弧后扩张的动力学因素控制;南华北与北华北地块深部构造特征和新构...     

景观带尺度高寒区水文特征时空变化规律研究

目前高寒区景观带尺度水文规律的研究还非常薄弱.同位素技术被用来甄别高寒区不同景观带冰川、积雪、冻土、地表水、地下水和降雨等对径流的贡献组合及其时空变化规律,旨在揭示各景观带的水文规律.结果表明马粪沟流域雨季降雨量大,温度效应显著,易发生再次蒸发,致使各水体δ18O和δD较高.干季气温低,降水多为固态,蒸发弱,不易受到再次蒸发和周围水汽交换影响,致使各水体δ18O和δD相对偏负.降雨和各水体在雨季富集重D和18O,干季较贫重同位素,存在季节效应.降雨存在高程效应,δ18O=-0.005 2 H-8.951,R=-0.917 2;δD=-0.018 5 H-34.873,R=-0.876 3.流域各景观带各水体在雨季和干季均不存在高程效应,是因为出山径流均非以降雨直接补给为主,受冰川、积雪和冻土等冻融过程影响,降水、融水、地表水与地下水等相互转化,导致同位素特征发生变化,混合和蒸发效应是其同位素变化的主要控制因素.     

基于GIS的中国沿海省份可持续发展评价研究

本文利用2000年全国1:400万的地形矢量数据,2000年中国沿海11个省(区)、直辖市的分县统计数据,中国地球系统科学数据共享网的资源、人口数据等,以经济发展水平、社会福利、人口压力、资源储备、环境保护为主要依据,选取其中代表性参数为主要指标,建立中国沿海省份可持续发展评价模型,以1km×1km的栅格(GRID)为基础,采用GIS分析手段获得沿海省份的可持续发展指数,结合本课题组所做的中国海岸带生态环境综合评价研究,探讨中国沿海省份可持续发展能力。     

GREENING FOOD PROCESSING INDUSTRIES IN VIETNAM: OPPORTUNITIES AND CONSTRAINTS

The food processing sector in Vietnam plays a vital role in its economic development, but its rapid growth seems to go hand-in-hand with environmental deterioration. Several decades of applying the conventional end-of-pipe approach made clear that it only deals with treating the symptoms. It is necessary to combine technological (end-of-pipe) solutions to overcome urgent pollution problems with ways to prevent wastes from being generated or to reuse their valuable material. This article presents a methodology for analyzing the possibilities for waste prevention in food processing industry in Vietnam.     

GIS for Environmental Assessment of the Impacts of Urban Encroachment on Rosetta Region, Egypt

Unplanned urban expansion of the new urban cluster of Rosetta City, Egypt is reaching a critical stage. This unplanned expansion of slum areas threatens the land on which the high quality palm trees, by which Rosetta region is known, are cultivated. This research is concerned with studying the manner, rate, extent and impact of the expansion of the urban cluster of Rosetta City. A multi-temporal analysis of mainly the limits of the built up urban areas and their surrounding land cover is the main evaluation technique. By using Geographic Information Systems, it was possible to study the geographic base of the concerned area. An increase in area of the urban clusters of about 0.1 km² occurred from 1917–1945, and a second increase of over 0.07 km² occurred from 1945–1963. Just after the end of the Second World War, an abrupt increase took place in 1963–1993 that reached 1.7 km². The majority of all the urban expansion was unplanned. By studying the topographic map of Rosetta city and the urban clusters on the western bank of the river Nile, it was found that most of the urban conglomeration of the city is located on relatively elevated land. The western part of the urban area is of an elevation varying around 5.0 m, and inclining with moderate slope towards the eastern edge of the city adjacent to the river Nile. The urban expansion on inclined land has caused severe problems with the sanitary drainage, as the city lacks any sanitary drainage systems. Sanitary drainage currently operates through precipitation trenches. Sanitary sewage gather beneath the ground forming continuos streams which reach the basements of many of the monuments present.     

中国温带草地灾害类型及致灾原因与防治对策

目前,我国草地生产力水平极其落后,草地畜牧业发展缓慢,其主要原因是草地灾害的长期存在并日趋严重。本文通过对草地灾害的类型和致灾因素的分析,提出了相应的提高草地生产能力、改善草地生态环境和防止草地灾害发生、发展的对策。     

东南沿海珍珠岩矿床及其成因

本区珍珠岩矿床主要产于中生代Ⅲ、Ⅳ旋回初始期和复活期的火山岩中,形成于活动大陆边缘的扩张阶段,是“陆壳改造型”岩浆强烈分异的产物,矿床类型可分为牛台式和白水洋式。珍珠岩具有异常高的δ~(18)O值,它取决于低温时水—岩同位素交换反应。珍珠岩中Cs矿化十分显著。珍珠岩水的结构种及含量是决定膨胀倍的主要因素。