居住区生活垃圾源头分类计量系统示范研究

以浦东新区为例,分析不同居住区生活垃圾分类收运模式,利用称重技术建立居住区“干湿”分类源头计量系统示范工程,并对计量数据进行整理分析,为管理部门决策提供数据支撑和技术支撑.     

过程安全管理关键要素——测量和指标探讨

介绍了过程安全管理关键要素"测量和指标"的主要内容,探讨了过程安全绩效指标的重要性、原理、分级、设置和用途,并以变更管理为例列举了过程安全绩效指标示例,为过程安全绩效指标设置提供借鉴。     

线性拟合法评定水中砷的测量不确定度研究

测量不确定度是评定测量值分散程度的一项指标,对解释测量结果非常重要,对于一个分析方法若未进行不确定度评估,则无法确定测量结果间观测到的差值是否包含试验变异以外的信息,没有不确定度的信息,就存在错误处理结果的风险,甚至导致不必要的损失,不给出不确定度的测量数据是没有意义的数据.线性拟合法利用从方法确认、实验室内质控和实验室间协作定值等数据,注重从整体上、通过数月、数年等一段期间反映样品检测精密度数据直接评估测量不确定度.     

杭州市空气微生物群落碳代谢特征研究

利用Biolog技术,研究了杭州市4个样点,即延安路商业街(Yan’an Road Business Street,YRBS)、天目山路与教工路口(Tianmushan Jiaogong Cross Road,TJCR)、浙江工商大学教工路校区(Zhejiang Gongshang University Jiaogong Campus,ZJGUSJC)、西湖曲院风荷(Breeze-ruffled Lotus at Quyuan Garden,BLQG)空气微生物群落碳代谢特征.结果表明,不同样点空气微生物样品平均颜色变化率(Average Well Color Development,AWCD)在培养240 h后达到稳定,并且4个样点的AWCD值即对单一碳源的利用能力具有显著差异,YRBS>TJCR≈ZJGSUJC>BLQG;YRBS、TJCR、ZJGSUJC和BLQG空气中微生物物种的多样性和丰富度依次减少;不同样点空气微生物对糖类和氨基酸类碳源利用程度较高,对其它碳源利用程度较低,且同一样点对不同单一碳源的利用程度也存在显著差异,YRBS对糖类碳源的利用程度最高,对聚合物类碳源利用程度最低,BLQG对糖类碳源的利用程度最高,对胺类碳源利用程度最低;不同样点空气微生物群落碳代谢基质主成分1(PC1)贡献度为43.8%,主成分2(PC2)贡献度23.4%,YRBS、BLQG和TJCR的空气微生物群落差异较大,碳代谢功能差异显著,而TJCR与ZJGSUJC碳代谢功能无显著差异.     

Atmospheric sulfur hexafluoride in-situ measurements at the Shangdianzi regional background station in China

We present in-situ measurements of atmospheric sulfur hexafluoride（SF6） conducted by an automated gas chromatograph–electron capture detector system and a gas chromatography/mass spectrometry system at a regional background site, Shangdianzi,in China, from June 2009 to May 2011, using the System for Observation of Greenhouse gases in Europe and Asia and Advanced Global Atmospheric Gases Experiment（AGAGE）techniques. The mean background and polluted mixing ratios for SF6 during the study period were 7.22 × 10-12（mol/mol, hereinafter） and 8.66 × 10-12, respectively. The averaged SF6 background mixing ratios at Shangdianzi were consistent with those obtained at other AGAGE stations located at similar latitudes（Trinidad Head and Mace Head）, but larger than AGAGE stations in the Southern Hemisphere（Cape Grim and Cape Matatula）. SF6 background mixing ratios increased rapidly during our study period, with a positive growth rate at 0.30 × 10-12year-1. The peak to peak amplitude of the seasonal cycle for SF6 background conditions was 0.07 × 10-12, while the seasonal fluctuation of polluted conditions was 2.16 × 10-12. During the study period, peak values of SF6 mixing ratios occurred in autumn when local surface horizontal winds originated from W/WSW/SW/SWS/S sectors, while lower levels of SF6 mixing ratios appeared as winds originated from N/NNE/NE/ENE/E sectors.     

水稻种植对黑土微生物生物量和碳源代谢功能的影响

采用磷脂脂肪酸方法和Biolog-ECO微平板检测法,以吉林省长春市双阳区农业技术推广站实验区的土壤为对象,研究了水稻种植对黑土微生物生态结构和功能的影响.结果表明空地中有机质含量最高,其次为田间土,根际土中有机质含量最低;在夏季的样品中有机质含量最高,土壤中全氮的变化趋势与土壤有机质比较相似.土壤微生物群落功能多样性指数则表现为夏季显著高于秋季和春季,春、秋两季差异不明显,冬季最低,空地中微生物群落的Shannon-Wiener指数和Pielou均匀度指数高于田间和根际.全部样品微生物生长步入稳定期时间和碳源的颜色平均变化率变化范围不同,时间分别为216、192、216、120 h,范围分别为0.52~0.84、0.82~1.28、0.40~0.84、0.05~0.48,表明春秋季微生物步入稳定期和对碳源的代谢量比较相似,夏季最大,冬季最小.研究结果为科学评价典型水稻种植黑土区土壤生境质量退化与恢复过程中微生物特征的变化提供参考.     

Efficiency analysis for organic agricultural producers: the role of soil-improving inputs

Greater emphasis is being placed on indicators of agri-environmental efficiency of organic production systems. Linking environmental measures with profitability measures based on net income is the only way to develop such indicators. A stochastic production frontier model that explicitly incorporates farm decisions about acquiring and managing organic soil-improving inputs is used to measure efficiency. The results confirm that on-farm self-sufficiency in soil-improving inputs is positively related to farm-level efficiency.     

A preliminary validation of a new measure of occupational health and safety

INTRODUCTION: This article describes the validation of an instrument designed to conduct an Occupational Health and Safety (OHS) self-diagnosis using workers observations of tangible facts and actions in the workplace. The instrument puts the emphasis on observable factors that make it possible to act proactively before accidents actually occur. METHOD: Three companies were recruited from the printing sector in Québec based on their OHS performance (low, medium, and high), their interest in the project, and their availability. The master sample was composed of 269 people. Partial least squares (PLS) and vanishing tetrad analyses were used to study the behavior of the formative scales developed. RESULTS: The results indicate that partial revision of the instrument will be necessary to reach a fully satisfying level of validity. With regards to the statistical approach adopted, the use of a macro called CTA-SAS 2.0 developed by Bollen and Ting [Bollen, K.A., & Ting, K.-F. (1993). Confirmatory tetrad analysis. In P.V. Marsden (Ed.), Social methodology.Vol.23 (pp.147-176). Cambridge, MA: Blackwell, 23] has proven to be effective in providing a suitable statistical treatment of the latent formative variables on which our instrument's development is based. CONCLUSION: The results suggest that the instrument appears to be relatively robust and appropriate to diagnose OHS leading measures. IMPACT ON INDUSTRY: In the long run, this instrument will make it possible for companies to draw a more refined picture of OHS evolution, even in the absence of occupational injuries.     

水中氯化物测定的不确定度评定

根据硝酸银滴定法测定水中氯化物的含量，分析了该方法测量不确定度的来源，评定了水中氯化物的测量不确定度，在各不确定度中，以标准溶液配制与样品分析时滴定消耗的硝酸银体积引入的不确定度较大。