ABS简支梁缺口冲击强度的测量不确定度评定

按GB/T 1043.1-2008测定了ABS的简支梁缺口冲击强度,分析了测量结果不确定度的来源,确定了不确定度的评定方法.用B类评定方法对冲击试验机和游标卡尺的示值误差引入的不确定度进行了评定;用A类评定方法对反复测量的随机误差引入的不确定度进行了评定.采用相对不确定度计算了合成不确定度,并计算了扩展不确定度,其结果...     

一株黑曲霉(Aspergillus niger)对孟加拉红和水溶性色浆的脱色特性研究

以从土壤中分离得到的黑曲霉(Aspergillus niger)菌株为研究对象,采用液体培养的方法,研究其在不同碳源、氮源、起始pH值、金属离子种类及浓度条件下对孟加拉红和水溶性色浆的脱色效果.结果表明,在以豆芽汁培养基为基本培养基、甘油为碳源、(NH4)2SO4为氮源、初始pH值为6.0～8.0条件下的脱色效果最佳,...     

Policing the drunk driver: measuring law enforcement involvement in reducing alcohol-impaired driving

INTRODUCTION: With many thousands of deaths still annually attributable to driving under the influence (DUI), it remains imperative that we continually address the problem of producing and sustaining effective countermeasures, and that we subject these efforts to empirical scrutiny. This article presents relevant findings from state-wide datasets. RESULTS: A formula generating a potentially useful metric for assessing aspects of the DUI prosecutorial chain is presented, focusing on the rate of proactive DUI arrests. While in need of cautious interpretation due to issues of inherent inaccuracies in large databases, small numbers of crashes and/or arrests in multiple jurisdictions, and the lack of replication in other states, the analyses show no relationship between the level of DUI arrest activity and DUI-related crashes. This finding brings into question the efficacy of the many millions of dollars devoted each year to targeted DUI enforcement, as it is currently being implemented. CONCLUSIONS: Results are discussed in terms of developing adequate disincentives to DUI so as to raise general deterrence via dramatic increases in proactive DUI enforcement and then engaging in pervasive and persistent social marketing of such efforts to maximize the perception that arrest and punishment for DUI is always imminent, that penalties will be swift, certain, and severe. It is echoed that accurate data need to be collected at all levels of the DUI arrest and prosecution process in every jurisdiction within a state, so as to facilitate the empirical assessment of countermeasure efficacy in reducing alcohol-related crashes. IMPACT ON INDUSTRY: Given that this work needs to be replicated, the impact on the traffic safety industry is potentially huge. The present data indicate that law enforcement efforts to further abate DUI-related crashes are apparently ineffective, though likely necessary to maintain reductions achieved in the 80s and early 90s. Thus, to attain additional systematic reductions, a dramatic increase in enforcement will be necessary as will a diversification of abatement efforts, including an increase in aggressive social marketing tactics to positively impact our traffic safety culture by making DUI universally unacceptable (for a discussion of this latter issue and on the use of positive reinforcement to change driver behavior, see Dula & Geller, 2007).     

秦皇岛市环境空气中主要污染物变化趋势分析及控制对策

根据秦皇岛市"十五"期间环境空气质量监测数据,分析秦皇岛市环境空气中主要污染物尘类、二氧化硫和二氧化氮的发展态势,.建议采取改善能源结构,提高清洁能源使用比例;提高锅炉脱硫除尘效率;加强机动车辆监管,对尾气超标的机动车进行治理;规范各类施工工地的管理,减少扬尘的产生等有效措施控制污染物上升之趋势.     

旋转水射流冲击压强的实验分析

利用测压排摄像自动读数法,测量了水垫式旋转磨料射流喷嘴所产生旋转射流的冲击压强。该方法对测压排内水面标志物进行连续摄像,然后利用计算机程序对所摄图像自动读数,可以用较低的成本较好地实现非恒定压强的测量。实验结果表明,对于水垫式旋转磨料射流喷嘴产生的旋转射流,切向入流与轴向入流流量之比（流量比）及之和（总流量）是其冲击压强的控制性因素,前者控制其分布和大小,后者只对其大小有影响;各股切向入流的流量不均匀性对射流冲击压强时均值的影响很小;冲击压强脉动强度随着作用位置到射流中心距离的增大而减小。     

胶囊-聚氨酯联合封孔测压技术的研究与应用

基于现有封孔测压技术的分析,提出一种胶囊-聚氨酯联合封孔测压技术。该技术利用弹性封孔胶囊和聚氨酯材料形成两级封堵,强化封孔质量,减少钻孔暴露时间。通过现场对比试验,结果表明,该技术能够快速、有效完成钻孔的封堵,实现快速测压,相对于现有的水泥砂浆封孔测压法,其具有测压准确度高、耗时短、成本低等优点,可较好的满足煤层瓦斯压力测定的需求。     

战场电磁兼容预测中的接收机建模研究

目的建立战场电磁兼容预测分析的接收机数学模型,包括接收机频率选择性模型、敏感度门限模型、互调模型及与接收机有关的修正系数计算模型等。方法在分析接收机干扰类型的基础上,建立上述数学模型,并探讨模型中的参数获取方法。结果给出了频率选择性模型分段折线斜率常数的获取方法,并对相关的互调系数、保护比等重要参数的实验测量方法进行了分析。结论建模结果可支持战场电磁接收装备仿真,为战场电磁兼容预测分析奠定基础。     

活性污泥羟氨氧化还原酶粗酶提取及活性测定方法的优化研究

污水生物脱氮过程中N_2O的产生与活性污泥中细菌的羟氨氧化还原酶(Hydroxylamine oxidoreductase,HAO)活性有着密切关系.但目前活性污泥中细菌的HAO提取和活性测定方法尚未建立.本文首先探索了在25℃、酶活性反应液电子受体供体配比1∶1和终止剂选用2 mol·L~(-1)HCl条件下超声或高压破碎细胞法对HAO粗酶活性的影响,结果表明高压破碎比超声破碎获取的粗酶活性高(p0.01).在此基础上,我们进一步优化了高压破碎下压力大小、破碎次数和裂解液用量的参数.粗酶提取液中DNA含量、酶活力及酶比活力结果进行多因素方差分析表明压力大小(50、110或160 MPa)、破碎次数(1、2或3次)和裂解液用量(2、5或10 m L)均对脱氮活性污泥破碎效果、酶活性和比活力有显著影响(p0.01);综合DNA含量、酶活力及酶比活力结果看,110 MPa压力条件下,加5 m L裂解液破碎2次更适合污水生物处理中HAO的提取和活性测定,既节省时间,又能较好的保持酶活性.     

低污染低成本COD快速测定方法的研究

文章探讨了一种无银快速测定废水COD的方法。该方法用CuSO4-MnSO4复合催化剂代替国标法中的Ag2SO4,采用H2SO4-H3PO4代替H2SO4,得到测定COD的最佳条件为:K2Cr2O7浓度为0.25 mol/L,催化剂CuSO4-MnSO4的配比为2:1,CuSO4和MnSO4总量为0.06 g,混酸比H2SO4:H3PO4为6:1,消解温度为160℃,消解时间为12 min。将实验得到的COD值与国标法COD测定结果相比较,准确度和精密度无显著性差异。此方法取样量少,消解速率快,操作简单省时,扩展了COD的测定范围,降低了污染,适用于大批量复杂水样的测定。     

针对硝化菌抗盐机理的研究

为研究盐度对硝化菌的影响,以及硝化菌对盐度的抵抗机理,以模拟皮革废水为处理对象,考察了硝化菌硝化作用过程中的脱氮效率,脱氮数率,pH值,溶解氧,以及硝化菌胞外聚合物的含量与成分变化。结果表明在盐度逐步提高的情况下,出水氨氮从几乎检测不出升高到80 mg/L左右,硝化菌脱氮效率下降明显,并且有一定的规律性。pH值先降后升,溶解氧随着时间推移逐渐升高,但是随着盐度提高规律性越来越不明显。硝化菌所产生的胞外聚合物随着盐度提高,胞外聚合物总量有所提高,其主要成分含量发生变化,即多糖所占比例从35.2%升高到63.6%,蛋白质所占比例从58.8%减少到30.9%,从而影响活性污泥的絮凝性,从机理方面来解释盐度对硝化菌硝化作用的影响。