气相色谱法测定环境空气中的邻二氟苯

采用活性炭采样管可富集环境空气中的邻二氟苯,以二硫化碳作为洗脱剂,使用毛细管柱气相色谱法进行测定,相对偏差小于5%,方法的回收率为97%.相关系数为0.999 4,当采集体积为20 L、进样量为1 μL时,最低检出限为0.01 mg/m3.该法也适合污染源排放邻二氟苯废气的测定.      

功能区对热岛发生频率及其强度的影响

通过定点观测的方法对商业区、工业区、社区和森林公园的热岛发生频率及其强度进行了研究.结果显示,功能区对热岛发生频率及其强度具有明显的影响,但在各季节影响规律各不相同.总体来说,商业区和森林公园对热岛发生频率及其强度影响较大,商业区对热岛效应具有正效应.而森林公园对其则趋向于负效应.结果表明,城市各功能区的热岛效应可以通过生态型功能区规划和特殊管理方式进行缓解.     

污水流量测量中流量计的选型与探讨

环保产业对污水流量的测量和控制的精确度、可靠性要求已越来越高 ,介绍了电磁式、涡街式、节流式等几种流量计的选型设计 ,结合水处理工艺 ,从理论和实践两方面阐述各自的特点     

静态顶空气相色谱法测定海水中溶解的N2O

采用自行设计的静态顶空气相色谱法测定大亚湾海水中N2O含量,取得了较为满意的结果。该法具有设备简单、操作便捷、分析速度快、用样量小等优点。其检测限为6×10-8,重现性为1.7%,可以满足测定海水中溶存N2O浓度和研究海—气界面N2O通量的需要。我们使用该法测定了大亚湾2004年春季海水中N2O浓度,结果表明大亚湾海水中的N2O浓度在11.1~37.6 nmol/L,处于过饱和状态,饱和度在144%~497%,且明显受到人类活动的影响。     

东海近海水质油类测定中的不确定度探讨

分析探讨了东海近海水质油类测定中不确定度的影响因素.其中,考虑到海洋环境监测的一些特殊性,在建立评定不确定度分量的数学模型时,引入了重复性实验校正因子f,并根据2002～2003年东海区海洋环境监测中的内控质量数据（原始平行样测定）资料以A类方式评定量化重复性实验校正因子f的不确定度;同时,以A类或B类的方式对近海水质油类测定中的其他各个不确定度分量进行了评定.结果表明,重复性实验校正因子f是近海水质油类测定中不确定度的主要来源.在此基础上,计算了东海近海水质油类测定中的相对合成标准不确定度约为0.12.     

活性炭深床浮滤池以直接过滤方式运行处理低温低浊水研究

活性炭深床滤料浮滤池是一种新型的给水处理组合工艺,它的特点是:气浮过滤一体化;活性炭深床过滤;常规处理和深度处理一体化;运行方式灵活。以直接过滤方式运行处理密云低温低浊水,效果理想,对浊度、色度和嗅味的去除效果显著,对有机物具有一定的去除作用。     

Sexual selection in a socially monogamous bird: male color predicts paternity success in the mountain bluebird, <Emphasis Type="Italic">Sialia currucoides</Emphasis>

Ornamental traits are thought to evolve because they give individuals an advantage in securing multiple mates. Thus, the presence of ornamentation among males in many monogamous bird species presents something of a conundrum. Under certain conditions, extra-pair paternity can increase the variance in reproductive success among males, thus increasing the potential for sexual selection to act. We addressed this possibility in the mountain bluebird (Sialia currucoides), a socially monogamous songbird in which males possess brilliant ultraviolet (UV)-blue plumage. Specifically, we asked whether a male’s success at siring offspring within his own nest and within the nests of other males was related to his coloration. In pairwise comparisons, males that sired extra-pair offspring were not more colorful than the males that they cuckolded. However, males that sired at least one extra-pair offspring were, on average, brighter and more UV-blue than males that did not sire extra-pair offspring. Brighter, more UV-blue males sired more offspring both with their own mate and tended to sire more offspring with extra-pair mates and thus sired more offspring overall. Our results support the hypothesis that the brilliant UV-blue ornamental plumage of male mountain bluebirds evolved at least in part because it provides males with an advantage in fertilizing the eggs of multiple females.     

玻璃幕墙眩光污染模拟分析

玻璃幕墙是城市建筑中常见的装饰和围护结构,但在阳光照射下,会产生不舒适眩光甚至是强烈的失能眩光,因此,眩光污染是对城市道路交通安全的重要威胁之一。对眩光的监测主要是针对眩光亮度、方位和环境光亮度分布的监测。采用彩色CCD相机测量光环境亮度的分布,并结合计算机图像处理技术,对采集的图片进行亮度提取、处理计算,最后得出眩光评价值。通过实验室模拟玻璃幕墙眩光实验,对不同中性密度滤光片下的测量结果进行对比,从而选择恰当中性密度滤光片对实际建筑眩光测量,得出不同时间的眩光测量值。通过一系列的实验结论,将有助于眩光的污染防治和城市交通的安全防护。     

Treatment of biologically treated effluents from baker's yeast industry by membrane and ozone technologies

This paper presents pilot‐scale membrane treatment results performed on biologically treated effluents from fermentation industry and ozone oxidation on concentrates from the same membrane treatment system. The results obtained from the ultrafiltration (UF) and/or the reverse osmosis (RO) systems indicate that membrane treatment are very effective for COD, Color, NH₃‐N and conductivity removal. Ozone oxidation of the membrane concentrates was tested to increase biodegradability of the wastes. The initial ratios of Biochemical oxygen demand (BOD₅) to Chemical oxygen demand (COD) were increased significantly by applying chemicaloxidation with O₃ and O₃ + H₂O₂.     

基于扩展分形特征的图像型火灾检测

针对火灾检测中存在的不稳定及误判率高的问题,提出一种基于扩展分形特征的图像型火灾检测算法。首先在图像的HSI颜色空间进行火焰疑似区域的分割,然后采用文中提出的扩展分形特征计算方法计算图像扩展分形特征,利用该特征对目标事物对比度和大小尺寸敏感的特性,对火焰区域进行再次分割,得到最后的火焰区域。实验结果表明,该算法运行效率较高、误报率较低,适用于多种场合的火灾检测。