基于响应曲面法的遗煤自燃分析与研究*

为研究高瓦斯易自燃煤层不同供风量、高抽巷抽采流量、低抽巷抽采流量3因素对采空区自燃“三带”分布影响规律,选取阳煤五矿8406工作面为研究对象,在数值模拟研究基础上,采用Design Expert软件进行Box Behnken试验设计,构建采空区氧化升温带宽度在3因素、3水平条件下的二次回归响应曲面模型,并对不同条件下采空区氧化升温带宽度进行预测与分析。结果表明:二次回归方程P值为0.001 6,预测模型显著,模型的失拟项为0.606 3,不显著,回归方程具有统计学意义;当供风量为1 500~2 000 m3/min,低抽流量为450~650 m3/min,高抽流量为100~200 m3/min时,对氧化升温带宽度一次项重要度排序为C（高抽巷抽采流量）>A（供风量）>B（低抽巷抽采流量）,二次项重要度排序为AC（供风量和高抽巷抽采流量）>AB（供风量和低抽巷抽采流量）>BC（低抽巷抽采流量和高抽巷抽采流量）,且AB,AC,BC之间均无交互作用。     

对氯气校正法测定高氯废水化学需氧量的方法研究

氯气校正法(HJ/T70-2001)是测定高氯废水化学需氧量的国标方法,为了减少样品测定过程带来的环境污染,研究在不改变HJ/T70-2001氧化体系及测试条件的情况下,将取样体积由20 mL减半为10 mL,试剂的使用量相应减半,对方法的检出限、相对误差、相对标准偏差等指标进行验证。结果表明,该方法的检出限符合要求,准确度较高,精密度较好,可用于高氯废水化学需氧量的测定。     

偶氮类染料脱色率的定量构效关系

偶氮类染料的生产和使用过程中存在着三废多、难脱色和污染严重等问题,该染料是印染工业的主要污染物。选取偶氮类染料的分子结构参数和其光催化氧化脱色率之间建立定量结构活性关系(QSAR),进而得到回归方程,为印染废水处理和染料环境行为评价提供理论预测。结果表明,偶氮类染料的光催化氧化脱色率与其结构之间存在着线性相关性,线性方程为:D=0.647μ+66.277,(D为脱色率、μ为偶极矩)R=0.989方程具有预测能力。     

基于地貌指数的汶川地震灾区单沟泥石流总量计算方法

现行的泥石流总量计算方法普遍存在计算参数较难获取或难以精确获取的问题,加上汶川地震灾区沟谷内分布大量的由崩塌、滑坡体等形成的固体松散物质;所以多数泥石流总量计算公式在汶川震区存在局限性.参考适用于以崩塌、滑坡体为主要物源的泥石流总量计算公式;分析研究区范围内地形地貌发育状态与降雨因素及其地质条件之间的影响关系;将地貌指数(Strahler积分)应用于泥石流总量计算,尝试解决缺乏降雨数据情况下泥石流总量计算问题.根据“8.13”四川清平群发性泥石流数据初步回归分析得到适合于汶川震区的泥石流总量计算模型.     

水下公路隧道纵向疏散通道加压送风系统研究

为研究水下公路隧道纵向疏散通道加压送风系统的关键设计参数,结合纵向疏散通道的特点,借鉴一般建筑加压送风系统的设计要求,提出了纵向疏散通道内加压送风量的计算方法,并通过数值模拟方法对纵向疏散通道加压送风系统进行了研究。结果表明,利用风速法计算得到的送风量比压差法计算得到的结果大20倍左右,并且压差法计算送风量时受疏散口缝隙宽度影响较大,工程适用性差。通过数值模拟可知,疏散通道内的送风风速达到1.5m/s时即能够满足人员安全疏散要求,这与风速法计算的结果一致。研究结果可供采用纵向疏散模式的隧道疏散通道加压送风系统设计参考。     

生物滴滤塔处理模拟甲硫醚废气

在常温条件下,采用生物滴滤塔处理模拟甲硫醚废气,考察了气体空床停留时间(EBRT)、容积负荷、喷淋密度及营养液pH对生物滴滤塔性能的影响。实验结果表明:当EBRT为90 s、进气甲硫醚质量浓度为150 mg/m~3、喷淋密度为0.65 m~3/(m~2·h),营养液pH为6.8时,甲硫醚去除率为90%;容积负荷高于15 g/(m~3·h)时,对生物滴滤塔的性能产生抑制作用;EBRT为90 s及60 s时,最佳喷淋密度分别为0.56~0.65 m~3/(m~2·h)及0.65~0.75 m~3/(m~2·h);降解甲硫醚的微生物对pH的变化较敏感,最适营养液pH为6~7。     

Gas/particle partitioning of atmospheric PCDD/Fs in a satellite town in Eastern China

Gas/particle partitioning of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans (PCDD/Fs) in ambient air was investigated in a satellite town in Eastern China from April 2007 to January 2008 comprehending large temperature variations (from 3 to 34 °C, daily average). Molecular weight, molecular structure and ambient temperatures are the three major factors that govern the gas/particle partitioning of atmospheric PCDD/Fs throughout the year. Generally, good agreements were obtained (except for winter) between measured particulate fractions and theoretical estimates of both the Junge–Pankow adsorption model and Harner Bidleman absorption model using different sets of subcooled liquid vapor pressure and octanol–air partition coefficient (K_oa), respectively. Models utilizing estimates, derived from gas chromatographic retention indices (GC-RIs), are more accurate than that of entropy-based. Moreover, during winter, the K_oa-based model using the GC-RIs approach performs better on lower chlorinated PCDD/Fs than that of -based. Furthermore, possible sources of mismatch between measured and predicted values in winter (3–7 °C) were discussed. Gas adsorption artifact was demonstrated to be of minor importance for the phenomena observed. On the other hand, large deviations of slopes (m_r) and intercepts (b_r) in logK_p vs. plots from theoretical values are observed in the literature data and these are found to be linearly correlated with ambient temperatures (P<0.001) in this study. This indicates that the non-equilibrium partitioning of PCDD/Fs in winter may be significantly influenced by the colder temperatures that may have slowed down the exchange between gaseous and particulate fractions.     

成都市餐厨垃圾产量分析预测及监管体系建设研究

整理汇总了成都市中心城区及郊县餐厨垃圾产生和收运现状,对其产量作出预测;在此基础上提出适合成都市自身情况的餐厨垃圾监管体系构建设想。     

Identification of Odor Causing Compounds in a Commercial Dairy Farm

The odorous air emissions from confined animal feeding operations (CAFOs), such as swine, poultry and dairy farms, are increasingly raising community complaints. Odorous emissions can result in health damages, psychological discomforts and adverse aesthetic effects in the community. However, these emissions are not well characterized up to now due to the lack of legislation, the limitations in sampling and instrumentation techniques, and the complexity of the emissions themselves. This study is aimed at the development of a high volume sampler and sorbent assembly to identify the odor causing compounds from a diary CAFO. The sorbent was custom designed to target the potential compounds that may exist in a dairy farm and was validated in laboratory with a synthetic odor from the swine manure. The actual samples at the diary farm were collected in spring and summer of 2005. The sorbents were solvent extracted and individual odor compounds were identified using GC–MS (gas chromatography–mass spectroscopy). The data obtained indicated that high volume sampling can shorten the sampling time from days to within 4 h. Both volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and volatile fatty acids (VFAs) have been identified from the dairy farm, such as phenol, methylphenol, 4-ethyl phenol, indole, methyl indole, benzyl alcohol, hexanoic acid, valeric acid and iso-valeric acid, together with some nitrogen containing compounds that have not been reported before.     

关于植物中氟化物测定结果的计算

针对植物中氟化物测定时由于绘制校准曲线的标准溶液体积与分析样品的定容体积不一样而引出的结果计算时的某些问题,提出了正确的计算方法和建议。