大尺度管道中煤粉爆炸的试验研究

煤粉爆炸传播特性的试验研究对于深入了解和预防矿井煤尘爆炸事故有重要意义。利用自制的长29.6 m,内径199 mm的试验管道,对煤粉-空气混合物爆炸压力波传播过程进行试验研究。采用压电传感器测量压力信号,得到爆炸压力波沿管道传播过程中不同测点处的压力时间历程曲线,探讨煤粉粒度和浓度对其爆炸超压的影响规律。结果表明:煤粉-空气混和物在弱点火条件下能够实现粉尘火焰的形成和传播。煤粉爆炸压力波传播过程中速度为400~430 m/s,峰值超压为68~72 kPa。煤粉爆炸峰值超压随着煤粉粒度的减小而增大,但煤粉粒度对其爆炸峰值超压的影响程度随着浓度的增加将逐渐减弱。     

Measurement of cholinesterases in amniotic fluid using a naphthyl acetate as substrate: A possible initial test for prenatal diagnosis of open neural tube defects

A quantitative method for cholinesterases in amniotic fluid using the non-specific substrate α naphthyl acetate and the cholinesterase-specific inhibitor, eserine, is described. This assay was used to test 671 samples of amniotic fluid. The diagnoses for fetal ONTDs, based on the levels of AChE + ChE, were compared with those made for the same samples by the AFP method. Correct diagnoses were made by both methods with amniotic fluid from 35 women carrying fetuses with ONTDs and 631 carrying normal fetuses. There were five false-positive test results for normal fetuses by both methods when the cut-off points were 5 standard deviations above the mean for AFP and above the upper limit of the normal range (7. 5 milliunits) for cholinesterase (AChE + ChE). None of the false-positive samples from either method had the acetylcholinesterase band of activity characteristic of ONTDs after gel electrophoresis. In addition to the above 671 samples, 37 pregnancies with serious fetal abnormalities other than ONTDs were tested. Two were identified by both the AFP and AChE + ChE methods, two more by AFP assay and one other by the AChE + ChE assay.     

吸声系数的先进现场测试技术发展概述

首先介绍了最常用的测试吸声系数的驻波管法与混响室法并阐述了两种方法优缺点。驻波管法测试的是法向吸声系数,混响室法得到的是各个入射方向的平均吸声系数,两种方法测试时均与实际安装情况存在一定差异,难以完成现场复杂环境下吸声系数的准确测试。而很多情况下,需要测试得到的是实际工作环境中的吸声系数,于是总结了传递函数法、PU矢量法、参量阵扬声器法、脉冲响应法、倒频谱法、最长序列数法以及减法技术等吸声系数的现场测试方法的原理与研究进展,分析了各测试方法的优缺点。     

电化学传感器法监测室内空气中甲醛

通过用国家标准GB/T 18204.26-2000酚试剂分光光度法与电化学传感器原理的PPM-400 ST甲醛检测仪（PPM-Tech）相对比,并对可能影响甲醛检测仪监测结果的环境因素如空气中干扰物、风速、温度、湿度等进行研究。在95%置信度下,两种方法所得数据配对t检验的结果,差别无显著性意义;并将两种方法测得的数据进行相关分析,其回归方程式：y（传感器法）=0.004 6＋1.03x（酚试剂法）,相关系数为r=0.993 4。研究结果表明PPM-400 ST甲醛快速检测便携式仪器具有轻巧、方便、快捷、可靠、实时检测甲醛浓度的优点,检测结果与现有国家标准方法具有好的可比性。     

在线大气汞分析仪渗透管标定方法研究

为了实现在线大气汞分析仪的自动标定,本文选用商用的汞渗透管,自主设计了渗透恒温装置(控温精度为0.1℃),搭建了大气汞分析仪的标定模块,利用该模块建立了3种标定方法.与本实验组研发的在线大气汞分析仪联用对3种方法进行对比研究.①稀释气法:与经典的渗透管动态配气法相同,通过改变稀释气体流量(1-5 L,精度为20 mL)...     

A novel colorimetric method for field arsenic speciation analysis

Accurate on-site determination of arsenic (As) concentration as well as its speciation presents a great environmental challenge especially to developing countries. To meet the need of routine field monitoring, we developed a rapid colorimetric method with a wide dynamic detection range and high precision. The novel application of KMnO₄ and CH₄N₂S as effective As(Ⅲ) oxidant and As(V) reductant, respectively, in the formation of molybdenum blue complexes enabled the differentiation of As(Ⅲ) and As(V). The detection limit of the method was 8 μg/L with a linear range (R² = 0.998) of four orders of magnitude in total As concentrations. The As speciation in groundwater samples determined with the colorimetric method in the field were consistent with the results using the high performance liquid chromatography atomic fluorescence spectrometry, as evidenced by a linear correlation in paired analysis with a slope of 0.9990-0.9997 (p < 0.0001, n = 28). The recovery of 96%-116% for total As, 85%-122% for As(Ⅲ), and 88%-127% for As(V) were achieved for groundwater samples with a total As concentration range 100-800 μg/L. The colorimetric result showed that 3.61 g/L As(Ⅲ) existed as the only As species in a real industrial wastewater, which was in good agreement with the HPLC-AFS result of 3.56 g/L As(Ⅲ). No interference with the color development was observed in the presence of sulfate, phosphate, silicate, humic acid, and heavy metals from complex water matrix. This accurate, sensitive, and easy-to-use method is especially suitable for field As determination.     

亚甲蓝分光光度法测定水质阴离子表面活性剂的优化研究

采用《水和废水监测分析方法》（第四版增补版）推荐的亚甲蓝分光光度法测定水中阴离子表面活性剂,优化了试验条件,标准样品测定的相对误差为0．5％,优于方法推荐的2．0％;标准溶液测定的相对标准偏差为2．1％～．2：2％,优于方法推荐的2．3％;加标回收率在100％～101％。     

延长湿热箱加湿锅炉中加热管使用寿命的研究

湿热试验箱中加湿锅炉是保证湿热试验正常进行的重要装置,加热管的使用寿命直接关系到设备的使用可靠性,通过分析影响加热管寿命的主要因素,提出了一种对加湿锅炉的改进方法,并应用于实验室。对多台湿热试验箱进行改造后,延长加热管的使用寿命,方便设备的维护保养,提高了湿热试验箱设备的使用可靠性。     

基于有限元的含腐蚀缺陷P110油管失效分析与安全评价

含有腐蚀缺陷油管在复杂的工作荷载下容易发生失效。建立了在内压与轴向力共同作用的复杂工作载荷下,含椭球型蚀坑缺陷与轴向沟槽型缺陷两种腐蚀缺陷的油管有限元模型。基于该模型研究了不同载荷工况下缺陷宽度、深度与长度对油管安全性及失效模式的影响。研究结果表明:腐蚀位置深度较浅时,椭球型蚀坑缺陷更危险,油管主要发生由轴力引发的断裂失效;腐蚀位置深度较深时,轴向沟槽型缺陷更危险,主要发生由内压引发的破裂失效。研究成果可为含腐蚀缺陷油管的安全评估提供依据。     

微型碎石管注桩治理深部软岩巷道底鼓新方法

针对造成巷道底鼓的物理和力学两种重要机制,研究并提出微型碎石管注桩治理深部软岩巷道底鼓的新方法。在物理机制方面,微型碎石桩具有渗透性极好的特点,在巷道施工和使用期间可汲取岩体中的渗水并透过碎石桩中的插管排出,从而降低软岩层因遇水膨胀导致的变形;在力学机制方面,微型碎石桩一方面通过钻孔置换出少部分底板软岩,从体量上减少变形岩体,另一方面能利用碎石桩体的侧向可压缩性耗散岩体水平变形,底板岩层中的水平地应力得以释放,极大减缓了促使底鼓变形的力学作用;通过微型碎石桩中的插管注浆加固底板岩体,提高了底板复合地基整体承载力。通过数值分析,阐明该方法在治理软岩巷道底鼓机制上的有效性。