Responses of soil ammonia oxidizers to a short-term severe mercury stress

The responses of soil ammonia-oxidizing archaea(AOA) and ammonia-oxidizing bacteria(AOB) to mercury(Hg) stress were investigated through a short-term incubation experiment.Treated with four different concentrations of Hg(CK,Hg25,Hg50,and Hg100,denoting 0,25,50,and 100 mg Hg/kg dry soil,respectively),samples were harvested after 3,7,and 28 day incubation.Results showed that the soil potential nitrification rate(PNR) was significantly inhibited by Hg stress during the incubation.However,lower abundances of AOA(the highest in CK: 9.20 × 10~7 copies/g dry soil; the lowest in Hg50: 2.68 × 10~7 copies/g dry soil) and AOB(the highest in CK: 2.68 × 10~7 copies/g dry soil; the lowest in Hg50:7.49 × 10~6 copies/g dry soil) were observed only at day 28 of incubation(P 0.05).Moreover,only the community structure of soil AOB obviously shifted under Hg stress as seen through DGGE profiles,which revealed that 2–3 distinct AOB bands emerged in the Hg treatments at day 28.In summary,soil PNR might be a very useful parameter to assess acute Hg stress on soil ecosystems,and the community structure of soil AOB might be a realistic biological indicator for the assessment of heavy metal stress on soil ecosystems in the future.     

基于改进灰色关联分析法在居民环境消费结构中的研究

依据平顶山市2005年-2012年的统计年鉴,平顶山市居民环境人均消费性数据,选取食品、衣着、居住、家庭设备用品及服务、医疗保健、交通和通信、教育文化娱乐服务、杂项商品及服务八大类,将改进的灰色关联度分析方法和综合评价模型相结合,建立灰色关联度分析模型,对平顶山市居民环境结构关系进行分析.结果表明:教育文化娱乐环境服务的关联性最高,食品、交通通信、居住医疗保健、衣着、家庭设备用品及服务、杂项商品和服务环境位居其后.     

基于圈层建设用地密度分析的中国主要城市扩张的时空特征

基于圈层建设用地密度分析,提出了城市扩张核心度指数;通过计算城市扩张核心度指数和城市扩张强度指数,分析了1990~2010年中国27个主要城市距城市中心不同距离区域的城市扩张的时空模式。研究发现:(1)1990~2010年,大部分城市核心度指数不断降低,城市空间结构变化与国家区域政策密不可分,呈现明显的区域特征。1990~2000年东部沿海地区城市核心度值减少幅度较大,2000~2010年则是东北部和中西部城市降低明显。总体上看,西部和东北部城市的核心度指数要高于东部和中部的城市,结构更加紧凑。(2)城市扩张最活跃的地方总是出现在核心区边界附近,并不断向外推移。(3)城市的形态与城市的发展阶段密切相关。1990~2000年,一线城市扩张的强度和范围远大于其他城市;2000~2010年,二三线城市的扩张强度和范围明显增加。经济比较发达的城市,建设用地的扩张逐渐由单中心扩展向多中心协同发展转变,而经济相对落后西部城市和东北部城市,城市结构比较紧凑,保持着单中心的城市形态。     

Structure and Content of the Discourse on Climate Change in the Blogosphere: The Big Picture

Based on the texts of 1.3 million blog posts and the structure of the links between the blogs in which these posts appeared, this study presents an analysis of the discourse on climate change in the English-language blogosphere. Our approach combines community detection with probabilistic topic modeling to show how topics related to climate change are discussed across various parts of the blogosphere. We find that there is one community of predominantly climate skeptical blogs but several accepter communities. The topic analysis reveals a series of issues that are characteristic of the climate change discourse in the blogosphere. Two topics, one related to climate change science and one related to climate change politics, are particularly important for characterizing the discourse. We also find that the distribution of topics over the communities cuts across the divide between skeptics and non-skeptics (accepters) and that there are differences in the patterns of interactions between the skeptics and different groups of accepters.     

我国城市冬季PM2.5空间特征及其人为影响因子

以我国114个城市冬季(2013年12月-2014年2月)公布的PM25数据为基础,结合其他相关数据,运用空间自相关分析、克里格插值法和逐步回归分析法,研究我国冬季PM2.5浓度空间分布差异及其影响因素.结果显示,研究期间PM2.5在空间分布上具有高值集聚、低值集聚和高值邻域的低值集聚的变化特征,全局自相关系数Moran's I为0.27.PM2.5浓度分布由北到南、从内陆到沿海具有先升高后逐渐降低的变化趋势,高浓度区域主要集中在华北平原、长江中下游平原和陕西关中平原等地区,这些区域的冬季PM2.5平均质量浓度都达到150 μg·m-3以上,最高达250 μg·m-3.多因子逐步回归分析结果表明,人为活动对我国高浓度PM25(＞150μg·m-3)分布影响显著,对低浓度PM2.5(≤75μg·m-3)分布影响不显著.市辖区人口密度和第二产业GDP是显著影响我国高浓度PM2.5分布的主要人为影响因子.市辖区建成区面积、全市年末总人口和市辖区道路面积等是影响我国城市间PM2.5浓度分布差异的主要人为影响因子.     

黄河三角洲自然保护区秋冬季水鸟群落组成与生境关系分析

于2014年10月至2015年1月采用样线调查法对黄河三角洲自然保护区秋季迁徙期和越冬期水鸟群落结构进行调查研究,调查共包括8条样线40个观测点.结果表明:(1)秋季迁徙期共记录水鸟6目14科54种,国家Ⅰ级保护鸟类5种,国家Ⅱ级保护鸟类8种;越冬期共记录水鸟5目7科31种,国家Ⅰ级保护鸟类1种,国家Ⅱ级保护鸟类4种.(2)2个时期雁形目水鸟种类和数量均占优势,豆雁(Anser fabalis)、斑嘴鸭(Anas poecilorhycha)、赤膀鸭(Anas strepera)和绿头鸭(Anas platyrhynchos)为优势物种,丹顶鹤(Grus japonensis)、东方白鹳(Ciconia boyciana)和大大鹅(Cygnus cygnus)等珍稀水鸟也有一定的种群数量.(3)秋季迁徙期水鸟种数、数量和ShannonWiener多样性指数多于或高于越冬期.(4)5种典型生境之间水鸟种类和数量存在差异,天然水域是水鸟群落的主要分布区.(5)自然生境内的水鸟种数、数量和Shannon-Wiener多样性指数一般多于或高于人工生境.相似性分析结果表明,自然生境之间水鸟群落结构相似程度高于人工生境.     

Inclusion of people with disabilities,their needs and participation,into disaster management: a comparative perspective

In the field of disaster management, not many have considered the role and needs of people with disabilities despite their number and condition. The purpose of this paper is to push for specific inclusion of people with disabilities, their needs and participation, into disaster management by studying relevant cases from Indonesia, Korea, and the USA. Qualitative content analysis was used as a major methodology by comparing three factors identified in these nations: government policies, schools and advocacy groups’ efforts, and families and local communities’ awareness. Three models, one from each country, were considered major takeaways from this study: the Indonesian moral inclusion, the Korean medical treatment without exclusion, and the US’ extending social inclusion. In addressing the needs and participation of people with disabilities in disaster management, the following recommendations are put forward: for Indonesia, a move away from olden beliefs and misconceptions on disability (e.g. as a punishment) is imperative. In Korea, relevant fundamental laws (e.g. the Basic Act on Emergency and Safety Management) need to be revised while also studying advanced laws on the subject. For the USA, though the country is already advanced, overall improvement is still needed in terms of association with international non-governmental organizations, increase in the number of (emergency or disaster) response officials, and provision of better medical treatment.     

石墨相氮化碳光催化剂的制备、改性及其在水处理中的应用

作为典型的非金属半导体光催化剂,类石墨相氮化碳(g-C3N4)由于具有物理化学性质稳定、能带结构适宜、制备成本低廉等优势,近年来受到广泛关注.本文综述了石墨相氮化碳的基本结构特性、常用制备方法以及结构改性策略,对其在水处理中的应用进行了总结,并对g-C3N4未来的发展趋势进行了展望,以期为氮化碳新材料开发及其在水处理方...     

闽江河口互花米草海向入侵对湿地土壤nirS型反硝化微生物群落结构及多样性的影响

2020年秋季,在闽江河口鳝鱼滩东部的互花米草分布区,由陆向海方向选择互花米草海向入侵前的光滩(MF)、入侵1～2年的互花米草湿地(SAN)和入侵6～7年的互花米草湿地(SA)为研究对象.基于高通量测序技术,探讨了互花米草海向入侵对土壤nir S型反硝化微生物群落结构及多样性的影响.结果表明,变形菌门(Proteobacteria)均是互花米草不同入侵阶段土壤中nir S型反硝化微生物的优势门(90.41%～97.36%),其次是厚壁菌门(Firmicutes)和放线菌门(Actinobacteria),三者在SAN和MF土壤中的丰度均与SA存在显著差异(p<0.05).不同入侵阶段土壤中共有的nir S型反硝化细菌属为假单胞菌属(Pseudomonas)、芽孢杆菌属(Bacillus)、偶氮弧菌属(Azoarcus)、陶厄氏菌属(Thauera)、Sulfurifustis属、副球菌属(Paracoccus)、鲁杰氏菌属(Ruegeria)、红肠命菌属(Rubrivivax)、趋磁螺菌属(Magnetospirillum)和福格斯氏菌属(Vogesella),其中,假单胞菌属是...     

裂片石莼和土霉素复合压力下弧菌群落及耐药基因变化特性研究

近年来,水产养殖病源弧菌污染及其耐药性问题备受关注,本研究首次采用宏基因组测序技术分析了海水养殖沉积物在大型海藻裂片石莼（12 g·L^-1）与不同浓度（0、10、100、500 μg·L^-1）土霉素作用3个月后,弧菌群落结构及其耐药基因变化特性.结果表明,经裂片石莼诱导培养后,沉积物中弧菌属相对丰度降低了0.22%,但对弧菌多样性和弧菌耐药基因含量提升明显.裂片石莼和土霉素复合压力下,100 μg·L^-1土霉素对弧菌群落多样性及弧菌耐药基因影响最大,而500 μg·L^-1对其影响最小.沉积物弧菌属共检测出21种耐药基因,多为BL1_fox、BL2be_per、BL2_veb等β-内酰胺类耐药基因.裂片石莼能减少耐药基因tetPB富集,而进一步添加土霉素能诱导产生VatB、BcrA耐药基因.此外,弧菌耐药基因迁移与转化还受弧菌群落结构变化影响.