The spatiotemporal structure of population in the Muskrat (Ondatra zibethicus)

The spatiotemporal structure of the muskrat population has been studied by means of the prenatal radioactive marking of juveniles with 45 Ca and their subsequent recapture in the test area. The muskrat population is characterized by a cyclic type of spatial structure, with seasonal transition from a mosaic type of settling to a diffuse type and, after the breeding season, vice versa.     

Floating Population Increase and Its Influence on the Urban Population Situation:A Case Study in Beijing

1 BACKGROUND OF FLOATING POPULATIONIN CHINAChina's urbanization process was influenced mainly bythe government interventions before the adoption of thesocial and economic reform started in 1978. Since thefoundation of the People's Republic of China, thegovernment had strictly controlled the internal migration,especially from rural to urban areas. The ability of thegovernment to make a strong impact on the migrationand urbanization was realized by the household registrationsyste…     

Structure and Differentiation of Spruce Populations in Eastern Europe and Western Siberia

The structures and differentiation patterns of the Norway spruce (Picea abies) and Siberian spruce (P. obovata) populations have been studied in a wide area, including the transition zone of their continuous geographic range. The areas occupied by transitional populations have been detected. Series of distinct populations of the Norway and Siberian spruces are located to the west and east of them, respectively.     

山区发展与特色经济研究--以湖北省恩施自治州为例

以湖北省恩施自治州为例，探讨了山区发展特色经济的重要途径。对其资源环境结构与产业结构作了对应分析，得出该区经济发展的优势在“山林”，而不在“耕地”，在地方“特色资源”，而不在“大众资源”。并采取经济区位商法，对本区众多资源进行了优势评价。根据其资源优势特点，指出恩施的优势在“山上”，应走以“绿色农业”为基础、以轻型加工业为主的发展道路，使本地区的经济结构由长期以来的一、二、三产业低位的传统排序逐步变为高层面的二、一、三的新排序。构建符合山区特色的产业结构。     

The Reproductive Capacity of Plants in a Gradient of Chemical Environmental Pollution

The reproductive capacity of Taraxacum officinale s.l. (two morphological forms: T. off. f. dahlstedtii Lindb. fil. and T. off. f. pectinatiforme Lindb. fil.) under conditions of chemical environmental pollution was studied in years differing in weather conditions. The number of generative shoots in plants increased along the toxic load gradient, which led to an increase in the total number of seeds and the weight of filled seeds. The relative energy value of seeds was determined from the amount of plastic substances in them. The number of seeds was shown to increase at a considerably higher rate than the energy expenditures for the formation of each seed. A general principle was revealed that determines the energy expenditures for the formation of a normal seed in both T. officinale forms under different weather conditions and under the chemical pollution of the environment.     

推进我国减灾事业的三个支柱

本文阐述推进我国减灾事业的3个支柱,即:(1)发挥政府的主导作用;(2)重视科学技术在减灾中的作用;(3)依靠全民的参与。     

城市社区工作研究的思路和方法

社区(Community)是一个有着明确边界、范围和居住着有各方面联系的人的社会区域。社区的建设和发展是一种有目标、有计划的引导社会变迁的行动过程,是一项庞大而复杂的系统工程。本文提出了社区工作研究的总体构思;并建立了由人口、教科文、生活质量、社会保障、健康水平、妇女地位、环境保护等因素组成的社区综合发展评价指标体系;并构造了综合评价数学模型。     

2000年安徽省土地利用结构优化研究

本文分析了安徽省土地利用的现状与问题，揭示了各业用地之间的内在关联；并采用定性与定量相结合的方法，提出了2000年该省土地利用结构优化调整的方案和合理利用土地资源的对策。     

Public Participation and Effective Water Governance at the Local Level: A Case Study from a Small Under-Developed Area in Chile

The concept of participation in rural development has been evolutionary for the past two decades with those involved, such as development agencies and governments, particularly in rural water supply, re-evaluating their active role. The move towards effective community participation has encouraged a shift from the traditional top-down to a bottom-up approach whereby there is a decentralisation of unevenly distributed resources and power to empower a community and allow mobility of ‘people participation’. The Molinos water project is the first large-scale development project of its kind introduced into the village of Molinos in an under-developed area of Chile, where there has been no tradition of people participation. The project objective was to implement a low technology, low budget water treatment plant to the village of Molinos. Various aspects have hindered the continued development of the project including both technical and financial. In terms of people participation, the initial approach used was the top-down approach. There was a failure to fully integrate the community or inform the community in a formal manner about the project and consult them regarding key project issues. This case study illustrates that the lack of comprehensive consultation and the low level of participation of the community on the participatory scale does not achieve much in terms of people-centred benefits. For governance at the local level to be effective, participation should be inclusive and communicative so as to enhance transparency throughout the project lifetime. Readers should send their comments on this paper to: BhaskarNath@aol.com within 3 months of publication of this issue.     

Recent Levels of Radionuclide Contamination in the Eastern Ural Radioactive Trace and Biological Effects in Local Populations of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Plantago major</Emphasis> L.

The results of the study have shown that the stocks of ⁹⁰Sr and ¹³⁷Cs in the frontal part of the EURT are 6700–15000 and 200–400 kBq/m², respectively. The coefficients of their accumulation in different herbaceous plant species in this impact zone are lower than in other areas. The accumulative capability of plants has probably decreased in the course of selection as an adaptation to the effect of radiation. The viability and growth parameters of Plantago major L. seeds from the EURT zone are similar to those of seeds from the background sample. Cenopopulations chronically exposed to radiation are characterized by a higher mutation rate in the progeny and an unstable response to additional acute irradiation in most characters studied. A high level of inbreeding is observed in all P. major cenopopulations of plantain. The cenopopulation of the impact zone is characterized by a lower variation of allozyme loci, which may be a result of stringent selection for individuals better adapted to the complex of conditions existing in its habitat.