AN EVALUATION OF PRECIPITATION GAGE DENSITY IN A MOUNTAINOUS TERRAIN1

ABSTRACT: Inter-station analysis was employed to evaluate the adequacy of the precipitation network in topographically complex West Virginia. A 25-year period was determined as the minimum lingth of record needed for relatively stable and fairly accurate estimates of long-term (50-year) precipitation and in frequency analysis. Data from the 83 National Weather Service stations with 25-year records were adjusted for consistency and evaluated separately by zones east (31 stations) and west (52 stations) of the Appalachian divide. Correlation coefficients (r) and average standard errors of estimate were computed for all station pairs within 50 miles distance and 1000 feet elevation difference of each other. The third polynomial equation of inter-station distance eliminated using elevation and land slope as the criteria in network design in this mountainous terrain. A network with (r) = 0.9 estimates annual precipitation with accuracy as great as 5 percent, but requires about 250 additional gages (i.e., about 200 percent of the present density).     

江津润湿时间的温度分布研究

采用直接读取、4点统计、24点统计三种方法研究了江津试验站1998年的润湿时间的温度分布,研究表明,可以利用全年每天2、8、14、20点的4个数据统计年润湿时间的温度分布;江津地区润湿时间的温度分布特征主要为：(1)99％的年润湿时间是在5℃至30℃温度范围,每月润湿时间的温度波动一般为15℃;(2)在(0～5)℃、(5～10)℃、(10～15)℃、(15～20)℃、(20～25)℃、(25～30)℃、(30～35)℃区间内,4点统计法各区间润湿时间的百分比分别为0.34％、13．4％、24．5％、18．3％、26．0％、17．4％、0．0％。     

纳氏试剂光度法测定废水中氨氮的问题讨论

应用纳氏试剂比色法测定废水中的氨氮时,水样显色后稳定时间短,影响测定结果的准确性,针对这一问题进行了实验研究。实验中对主要影响因素Ｉ－和ＯＨ－的浓度变化进行了条件实验,结果表明选用所配的Ⅲ型纳氏试剂（ＫＩ含量为７．５ｇ）,可获得稳定的有色胶体,也可采用Ⅰ型纳氏试剂（ＫＩ含量为７．０ｇ）、在中和硼酸后再多加２ｍＬＮａＯＨ（１ｍｏｌ／Ｌ）,也可获得稳定的有色胶体。     

复合系统的协调与可持续发展

本文从“生态—社会—经济”复合系统协调的角度探讨可持续发展问题,提出了复合系统定义下可持续发展的系统观点及系统特征,建立了概念模型,根据协调理论,分析了可持续发展的系统协调原则及内容     

弥散实验确定地下水溶质水动力参数的复形调优法

准确求出地下水污染物迁移的水动力参数，是成功预防并控制地下水污染的重要基础。该文将复形调优法运用于弥散实验中地下水溶质水动力参数的确定，并与其他方法进行比较。结果表明，复形调优法仅需一个观测井的监测资料即可，且计算简便、结果可信，这对提高野外弥散实验的成功率及经济性具一定的积极意义。     

云南剑川粗面斑岩——正长岩杂岩体形成的物化条件

本文应用多种地质温压计方法来计算剑川杂岩体岩浆作用的物理化学条件,探讨岩石成因。杂岩体初始岩浆温度在1100℃——1200℃,固相线温度为630℃——770℃,岩浆源形成的深度约在30km,地温梯度为37.9℃/km,氧逸度(-Logfo_2)为11.1-9.84,深成相较低,浅成相较高;源区物质应属壳幔混合型;岩浆演化从封闭体系转为开放体系。     

重金属捕集沉淀剂处理含络合铜废水的工艺研究

研究了用重金属捕集沉淀剂DTCR处理含络合铜废水的工艺条件，对其处理效果与无机处理剂CaO、CaO加FeSO4进行了比较。结果表明，DTCR对废水的处理不受络合剂的影响，对铜离子的捕集效率高，处理后的废水可达标排放；同时污泥生成速度快，量少，含水率低，且稳定，不会产生二次污染。     

固相萃取法分离富集污水样品中痕量壬基酚

本文结合气相色谱质谱选择离子(GCMS∑SIM)定量分析壬基酚含量,对固相萃取技术提取富集污水和再生水样品中痕量壬基酚的操作条件和参数进行了研究。研究结果表明,OasisRHLB固相萃取柱对壬基酚具有优良吸附保留性能,多级混合洗脱方式的洗脱效率达97.01%;测定结果准确度和精密度满足要求。     

Violence and complex humanitarian emergencies: implications for livelihoods models

This paper explores the nature of the violence that characterises complex humanitarian emergencies and the related implications for modelling livelihoods systems. While noting the importance of livelihoods approaches in complex humanitarian emergencies, it deliberates the limitations of sustainable livelihoods frameworks when applied in environments marked by protracted instability. Adaptations to the model are discussed, with a particular focus on the relationships among violence, assets and liabilities within livelihoods systems. Political economy of violence theories intimate that the assets on which livelihoods systems are constructed in peaceful times may instead become life-and livelihood-threatening liabilities in periods of conflict. Adaptations to livelihood systems in violent settings require that analysts consider violence from policy, institutional and process perspectives. It is suggested that vulnerability should be re-conceptualised as endogenous to livelihoods systems in violent settings. Building on the work of others, a livelihoods model adapted for complex humanitarian emergencies is presented.     

三元缔合物抑制分光光度法测定痕量氟

利用氟离子对锆－水杨基荧光酮－溴化十六烷基三甲基铵三元缔合物形成的竞争抑制作用,建立了测定痕量氟的抑制分光光度法,确定了测定的最佳条件为：「ＳＡＦ」＝６．０×１０＾－５ｍｏｌ．Ｌ＾－１「ＣＴＭＡＢ」＝８．０×１０＾－４ｍｏｌ．Ｌ＾－１,「Ｚｒ（ＩＶ）」＝１．０μｇ．ｍｌ＾－１,「ＨＣｌ」＝０．０８ｍｏＬ．Ｌ＾－１,２５℃。