剩余污泥好氧堆肥生产有机复混肥的肥分及效益分析

城市污水处理厂剩余污泥含有大量有机质和氮、磷等营养元素,是农业生产宝贵的肥源。将污泥制成有机复混肥可以使作物增产,并改善土壤结构、提高土壤肥力。     

无机-有机复合絮凝剂的制备及絮凝性能研究

以硫酸铁、硅酸钠、硼砂和聚丙烯酰胺为主要原料,制备了无机-有机复合絮凝剂。采取正交实验设计方法,以COD去除率为指标,研究了Si/Fe摩尔比、Si/B摩尔比、聚丙烯酰胺浓度三种因子对复合絮凝剂处理印染废水效果的影响。结果表明:复合絮凝剂最优制备条件为:Si/Fe为1.5/1、PAM浓度为250mg/L、Si/B为3.5/1;采用最优条件下制备的复合絮凝剂处理印染废水时,最佳投加量(以SiO_2计)为90mg/L,最佳pH值为8.5～9.0,絮凝效果明显好于聚合硅酸硫酸铁。     

大分子络合超滤技术去除溶液中镍离子的研究

采用聚丙烯酸(PAA)和羧甲基纤维素钠(CMC)去除Ni2 ,首先将Ni2 离子络合在大分子上形成大分子络合物,进而通过超滤膜,将其截留在膜的一侧,从而达到分离镍离子的目的.研究表明,采用这两种聚合物进行络合超滤可以使镍离子去除率达到95%以上;当Ni2 与聚合物的反应时间为30 min时,镍离子(170 mg/L)与PAA(0.5 wt%)、CMC(0.5wt%)的适宜配比分别为1:2.5和1:1.在分离体系中加入Na 、Mg2 后,对镍离子的去除具有不利影响.此外,考察了用大分子络合超滤法处理含有镍离子的实际废水,结果在透过液中未检测出Ni2 .     

复杂人机系统班组人误模型与量化分析

讨论一个班组人员行为模型,即包括:任务模型、事件模型、班组模型和人-机交互模型4个模块,并用其模拟和分析事故状态下的运行班组对异常事故的响应过程;利用班组认知过程流程图模型表征事件发展过程中班组成员对事故的征兆识别、决策、计划和行动执行的响应过程;采用CREAM的量化分析技术,对核电站的蒸汽发生器管道破管事故的班组认知失误事件进行量化分析。     

湖南主要地质灾害与地形地貌之关系

湖南是我国地质灾害的高发区,地形地貌类型复杂多样。利用以往的资料、野外调查及G IS技术,结合湖南省地貌图,对湖南主要地质灾害进行分析,绘出灾害点分布图。结果表明:湖南主要地质灾害集中分布于湘西北、湘西、湘南和湘东地区;与低山、低中山、中中山和喀斯特山原等地貌类型关系密切。     

HIV risk and prevention in emergency-affected populations: a review

While basic guidelines on HIV prevention in emergencies have been available for several years, international agencies involved in the provision of health services have not placed sufficient priority on the prevention of the human immune deficiency virus (HIV) and other sexually transmitted infections (STIs) in complex emergencies. This paper reviews the factors that may increase the risk of HIV transmission in populations affected by complex emergencies and outlines recommendations for research and programmes. Research into the most appropriate methods of carrying out HIV surveillance and interventions in these settings is needed. In the post-emergency phase programmes need to be far more extensive than those offered under the Minimal Initial Services Package (MISP). While the potential for stigmatization represents an important constraint, there is a need to prioritize HIV/STI interventions in order to prevent HIV transmission in emergency-affected populations themselves, as well as to contribute to regional control of the epidemic.     

络合剂和酸度控制对土壤铬电动过程的影响

研究了添加络合剂和控制阴极池溶液酸度对铬在黄棕壤中电动过程的影响.结果表明,EDTA 柠檬酸和乳酸的加入明显改变了电动过程中电渗流的大小和铬在土柱中的分配,其中柠檬酸因可与土壤中的 Cr(III)发生较强的络合作用而显著增加了土壤总铬的去除率(29.8%);改变阴极池溶液酸度不仅影响了电动过程中电流、电渗流的大小和铬在土柱中的分配,同时也显著改变了总铬的去除率.其中在 pH 6.0 和pH 10.0 时,总铬的去除率分别达 25.3%和 24.0%,较 pH 4.0 和 pH 8.0 时增高近 1 倍.所有电动处理以后土壤中剩余的六价铬浓度均显著减少,约降低 80%,表明电动处理对土壤中六价铬(铬的主要有毒形态)的去除是非常有效的.     

废水催化湿式氧化稀土金属氧化物催化剂的研制

采用共沉淀法制得锰铈复合氧化物催化剂,催化湿式氧化处理高浓度苯酚废水。通过正交实验筛选催化剂制备条件,单因素实验优化制得催化剂。研究了CWAO处理废水条件下的金属离子溶出和催化剂的表征。结果表明,该催化剂在低温低压条件下具有优良的湿式氧化催化活性,且金属离子溶出量低,是一种CWAO处理高浓度有机废水中极具应用前景的新型高效催化剂。     

Global status of and prospects for protection of terrestrial geophysical diversity

Conservation of representative facets of geophysical diversity may help conserve biological diversity as the climate changes. We conducted a global classification of terrestrial geophysical diversity and analyzed how land protection varies across geophysical diversity types. Geophysical diversity was classified in terms of soil type, elevation, and biogeographic realm and then compared to the global distribution of protected areas in 2012. We found that 300 (45%) of 672 broad geophysical diversity types currently meet the Convention on Biological Diversity's Aichi Target 11 of 17% terrestrial areal protection, which suggested that efforts to implement geophysical diversity conservation have a substantive basis on which to build. However, current protected areas were heavily biased toward high elevation and low fertility soils. We assessed 3 scenarios of protected area expansion and found that protection focused on threatened species, if fully implemented, would also protect an additional 29% of geophysical diversity types, ecoregional‐focused protection would protect an additional 24%, and a combined scenario would protect an additional 42%. Future efforts need to specifically target low‐elevation sites with productive soils for protection and manage for connectivity among geophysical diversity types. These efforts may be hampered by the sheer number of geophysical diversity facets that the world contains, which makes clear target setting and prioritization an important next step.