聚硅氯化铝混凝剂的形态及带电特性研究

以ＡｌＣｌ３·６Ｈ２Ｏ、ＮａＯＨ、盐酸和水玻璃为原料制备了不同碱化度（Ｂ）及不同Ｓｉ／Ａｌ摩尔比的系列聚硅氯化铝混凝剂（ＰＡＳＣ）,采用Ａｌ－Ｆｅｒｒｏｎ逐时络合比色法和微电泳技术研究了ＰＡＳＣ中铝的水解产物形态分布及铝的水解沉淀物的带电特性,考察了Ｂ及Ｓｉ／Ａｌ摩尔比对ＰＡＳＣ中铝水解产物形态分布及带电特性的影响情况,并与聚合氯化铝（ＰＡＣ）进行了比较,实验结果表明,Ｂ对ＰＡＳＣ的形态分布有较大     

新型复合金属氧化物催化剂用于汽车尾气NOx净化的实验研究

采用固定床反应装置,模拟汽车尾气,研究新型复合金属氧化催化剂ＷＣＸ－Ｉ（Ｒｅ－Ｎｉ－Ｃｏ－Ｃｕ－Ｏｘ／Ｆｅ２Ｏ３）对ＣＯ还原ＮＯ反应和ＣＨ４还原ＮＯ反应的催化活性,催化剂的抗ＳＯ２中毒性能,抗积炭性能．结果表明ＷＣＸ－Ｉ催化剂对ＮＯ／ＣＯ和ＮＯ／ＣＨ４反应均具有较好的高温活性．在本研究实验条件下,４００℃以上时ＣＯ对ＮＯ的稳定还原率在９３％以上,６００℃以上时ＣＨ４对ＮＯ的稳定还原率在９２％以上．在１０００ｍｌ／ｍ３ＳＯ２－Ｎ２的高硫气氛中强制中毒及在１．０％ＣＯ－１０％ＣＯ２－Ｎ２的缺氧气氛中强制积炭若干小时后的催化剂试样对ＮＯ／ＣＯ反应的催化活性几乎未见降低     

高效复合混凝剂净化含油废水技术试验

采用高效混凝剂处理油田含油废水,对破乳、混凝沉降、粗粒化等单元进行了试验研究。结果表明,复合混凝剂及破乳剂是净化含油废水的技术关键,工艺采用的混凝剂为NTCF及破乳剂CW01,试验可将COD_Cr 从932 mg/L降至125.4 mg/L,最佳可降至77.88 mg/L,排水口含油量降至8.7 mg/L,透光率达到96%。      

Redox reactions of iron and manganese oxides in complex systems

• Mechanisms of redox reactions of Fe- and Mn-oxides were discussed. • Oxidative reactions of Mn- and Fe-oxides in complex systems were reviewed. • Reductive reaction of Fe(II)/iron oxides in complex systems was examined. • Future research on examining the redox reactivity in complex systems was suggested. Conspectus Redox reactions of Fe- and Mn-oxides play important roles in the fate and transformation of many contaminants in natural environments. Due to experimental and analytical challenges associated with complex environments, there has been a limited understanding of the reaction kinetics and mechanisms in actual environmental systems, and most of the studies so far have only focused on simple model systems. To bridge the gap between simple model systems and complex environmental systems, it is necessary to increase the complexity of model systems and examine both the involved interaction mechanisms and how the interactions affected contaminant transformation. In this Account, we primarily focused on (1) the oxidative reactivity of Mn- and Fe-oxides and (2) the reductive reactivity of Fe(II)/iron oxides in complex model systems toward contaminant degradation. The effects of common metal ions such as Mn²⁺ , Ca²⁺, Ni²⁺, Cr³⁺ and Cu²⁺, ligands such as small anionic ligands and natural organic matter (NOM), and second metal oxides such as Al, Si and Ti oxides on the redox reactivity of the systems are briefly summarized.     

UV/H_2O_2-NaOH沉淀法处理铜-酒石酸络合体系模拟电镀废水的研究

含铜电镀废水中酒石酸等络合剂的存在,使得采用普通氢氧化物或硫化物沉淀法难以满足达标排放的要求。采用UV/H2O2-NaOH沉淀法处理铜-酒石酸络合体系模拟电镀废水,考察了光照时间、初始pH、H2O2投加量等因素对处理过程的影响。结果表明,对于铜-酒石酸络合体系(酒石酸质量浓度为418mg/L,CuSO4·5H2O质量浓度为196mg/L),得出的最佳处理条件为:光照时间70min,H2O2投加量1.07g/L,初始pH 3.0,出水中铜质量浓度可以低于0.3mg/L的排放标准,为后续工业化应用奠定了基础。     

快速高架复合道路近场交通噪声垂向分布

采用Cadna/A环境噪声模拟软件建立了高架复合道路的基本模型,根据6种基本模拟情况进行了声场模拟,并把模拟结果与实测结果进行对比分析。结果表明,高架道路结构本身对地面道路、高架道路分别形成的声场有明显的遮挡作用,但对高架复合道路所形成的声场遮挡作用不明显;对于高架复合道路垂向声场,在低层段地面道路的影响大于高架道路,而在高层段高架道路的影响起决定作用;高架复合道路较地面道路的垂向声场最大值增加2.5 dB(A),位置上移6m;在高架道路上设置声屏障有一定降噪效果,但在高架复合道路的上层设置声屏障降噪效果不理想。     

基于复杂网络演化博弈的企业集群低碳技术创新扩散研究

为了探究低碳经济情境下潜在技术创新采纳企业的微观决策互动机制涌现的企业集群宏观扩散现象,利用复杂网络演化博弈方法,将无标度网络视为扩散载体,通过建立市场机制和政府规制下潜在采纳企业的低碳技术创新采纳决策及扩散模型,运用Matlab软件仿真研究微观层面因素对宏观扩散的影响。研究表明:市场机制下只有当企业采纳低碳技术创新增加的收益大于投入时,网络才能演化至扩散深度为100%的稳定状态,实现企业集群内低碳技术创新的完全扩散;网络规模对扩散速度有显著影响,规模越大扩散速度越慢;实施碳税、投入补贴和惩罚措施三种规制手段均能有效提高低碳技术创新扩散深度;网络规模越大碳税的推动作用越显著,相反,规模越小的网络对补贴力度的敏感性越强,而不同规模的网络对罚款力度的敏感性无明显差异。研究对推进企业集群低碳技术创新扩散及政府部门的环境规制有一定的启示作用:第一,企业间的策略学习对企业集群低碳技术创新扩散有重要影响,在企业集群中应培养核心企业的低碳技术创新观念,使其作为"意见领袖"影响其它企业的低碳技术创新采纳策略;第二,政府作为低碳技术创新扩散的推动者及环境监管的权利部门应为采纳低碳技术创新的企业提供补贴、依据碳排放量收缴碳税及惩罚不实施低碳生产企业等规制措施;第三,政府部门应根据发展阶段把握规制方式和力度,初期以补贴措施为主,随着低碳技术创新扩散深度逐渐增大降低补贴力度,同时提高碳税税率,另惩罚措施应在推进低碳技术创新扩散全过程中广泛实施。     

Evaluation of Methods for Delineating Riparian Zones in a Semi‐Arid Montane Watershed

Riparian zones in semi‐arid, mountainous regions provide a disproportionate amount of the available wildlife habitat and ecosystem services. Despite their importance, there is little guidance on the best way to map riparian zones for broad spatial extents (e.g., large watersheds) when detailed maps from field data or high‐resolution imagery and terrain data are not available. Using well‐established accuracy metrics (e.g., kappa, precision, computational complexity), we evaluated eight methods commonly used to map riparian zones. Focusing on a semi‐arid, mountainous watershed, we found that the most accurate and robust method for mapping riparian zones combines data on upstream drainage area and valley topography. That method performed best regardless of stream order, and was most effective when implemented with fine resolution topographic and stream line data. Other commonly used methods to model riparian zones, such as those based on fixed‐width buffers, yielded inaccurate results. We recommend that until very‐high resolution (<1 m) elevation data are available at broad extents, models of riparian zones for semi‐arid mountainous regions should incorporate drainage area, valley topography, and quantify uncertainty.     

络合沉淀—Fenton试剂氧化法处理高浓度含氰废水

采用络合沉淀—Fenton试剂氧化法处理高浓度含氰废水。实验结果表明,在初始废水p H为9、曝气时间为20 min、搅拌时间为20 min、Fe SO4溶液加入量为1.62 m L/L、搅拌转速为40 r/min的络合沉淀反应条件下,在絮凝阶段废水p H为8、n(H2O2)∶n(Fe2+)=20的Fenton试剂氧化反应条件下,处理初始CN-质量浓度为450~550 mg/L的高浓度含氰废水,总CN-去除率达99.9%以上,剩余CN-质量浓度小于0.02 mg/L,COD为50~70 mg/L,BOD5小于20 mg/L,浊度小于0.5 NTU,悬浮物质量浓度小于10 mg/L,满足GB 8978—1996《污水综合排放标准》的要求。     

Polarographic determination of the stability constant of the ternary complex formed between cocaine and cobalt thiocyanate

The interactions between cocaine -- Co(II) and thiocyanate (or dimethylglyoxime) have been studied by electrochemical means, assuming the existence of a ternary complex with the stoichiometry [(H₂O)₃Co(SCN)(C₁₇H₂₁NO₄)]⁺ and the absence of similar ternary species containing dimethylglyoxime. The formation constant of the complex has been evaluated by polarographic titrations because of the irreversibility of electrochemical processes. This relatively small value of 2.37 × 10⁵ is in agreement with the experimental conditions at which Scott's method is typically carried out to detect cocaine in solid samples by reaction with Co(II) thiocyanate.