炼油厂达标废水中溶解性有机物的表征

采用超滤和凝胶色谱法调查了炼油厂达标废水中溶解性有机物 (DOM)的分子量分布 ,并用树脂吸附和离子交换技术研究了该废水DOM中疏水性酸 (HoA)、碱 (HoB)及中性物 (HoN)和亲水性酸 (HiA)、碱 (HiB)及中性物 (HiN)的比例 ,用气相色谱 质谱法 (GC MS)定性分析了疏水性有机物的组成 .结果表明 ,某炼油厂达标废水的TOC为 12 0 6～ 16 80mg·L-1,其中溶解性有机碳 (DOC)为 10 15～ 14 4 4mg·L-1;分子量 <1k的DOM约为 80 % (以TOC计 ) ;DOM中HiN、HoN、HoA、HiB、HoB及HiA的含量分别为 2 9 7% ,2 6 5 % ,2 1 1% ,13 4 % ,5 1%及 4 2 % .鉴定出的HoN包括脂肪烃、苯系物、含硫化合物及邻苯二甲酸酯类化合物等 ,其中C10和C11脂肪烃、甲基亚硫酰苯及邻苯二甲酸二丁脂化合物的含量相对较高 .根据表征结果提出了回用处理建议.     

地聚物固化生活垃圾焚烧飞灰固化体抗氧化硫杆菌腐蚀性能的研究

为了探讨地聚合物固化生活垃圾焚烧飞灰后形成的固化体抗强酸性微生物的侵蚀性能,模拟氧化硫杆菌的腐蚀过程,考察经氧化硫杆菌浸泡前后地聚物固化体质量、抗压强度、浸出浓度的变化.结果表明,地聚物固化体具有良好的抗氧化硫杆菌侵蚀能力:浸泡28 d后,质量损失<1%;抗压强度仍达到了21.88MPa,抗蚀系数在0.9以上;重金属Cr、Cu、Zn、Cd、Hg、Pb的最大浸出浓度仅为:107.7、22.71、39.18、0.56、34.84和3.03μg.L-1.并且重金属的浸出浓度随浸泡时间而降低,表明了地聚物具有良好的抗氧化硫杆菌腐蚀的性能.实验通过X-ray衍射(XRD)、傅立叶红外光谱(FTIR)、扫描电镜(SEM)的分析对地聚物固化体的微观结构进行了表征,并探讨了地聚物固化体抗酸腐蚀性能的机制.     

SO2连续与瞬时采样监测的对比实验分析

采用实验对比分析的方法对近几年丹东市环境空气SO2连续采样值比以前瞬时值低得较多现象进行了全面深入的探讨和研究。结果表明，点位从市中心外移、采样方式改变、进气通过不畅通和进气管有水等，都影响SO2监测结果。     

Effect of different molecular weight organic components on the increase of microbial growth potential of secondary effluent by ozonation

Ozonation has been widely applied in advanced wastewater treatment. In this study, the effect of ozonation on assimilable organic carbon （AOC） levels in secondary effluents was investigated, and AOC variation of different molecular weight （MW） organic components was analyzed. Although the removal efflciencies were 47%-76% and 94%-100% for UV2s4 and color at ozone dosage of 10 mg/L, dissolved organic carbon （DOC） in secondary effluents was hardly removed by ozonation. The AOC levels increased by 70%-780% at an ozone dosage range of 1-10 mg/L. AOC increased significantly in the instantaneous ozone demand phase, and the increase in AOC was correlated to the decrease in UV254 during ozonation. The results of MW distribution showed that, ozonation led to the transformation of larger molecules into smaller ones, but the increase in low MW （〈1 kDa） fraction did not contribute much to AOC production. The change of high MW （〉100 kDa and 10-100 kDa） fractions itself during ozonation was the main reason for the increase of AOC levels. Furthermore, the oxidation of organic matters with high MWs （〉 100 kDa and 10-100 kDa） resulted in more AOC production than those with low MWs （1-10 kDa and 〈1 kDa）. The results indicated that removing large molecules in secondary effluents could limit the increase of AOC during ozonation.     

环境复杂河段网络站水质监测点位认证数据处理技术方法探讨

根据淮河淮南段水环境背景条件复杂状况,采用统计学和水质模型综合方法,较好解决了水质监测点位认证中数据处理,为多监测断面点位优化选择和论证提供了理论基础。     

环境质量评价中关键因子识别的方法研究

应用投影寻踪聚类方法分析环境影响指标的数据资料 ,不但可以根据数据内在特性确定各评价指标的相对权重 ,避免权重人为给定的任意性 ,而且还可以通过逐次筛选找出影响环境质量的关键因子。本文将该方法成功地应用于南京市秦淮河水环境评价中 ,筛选出了影响秦淮河水质的关键因子 ,可供秦淮河水环境监测和治理作参考。另一方面 ,该方法还可以推广应用于其它类似问题的综合分析研究中。     

不同萃取剂气相色谱法测定水中硝基甲苯类化合物的方法比对研究

采用液-液萃取-毛细管柱气相色谱法,分别用苯和甲苯作萃取剂,对测定水中4种硝基苯类化合物的方法进行比对分析。从精密度、准确度、方法检出限等方面对这2种方法进行系统比对,对实际水样测定结果采用统计学中t检验法进行比对。评价用甲苯代替苯作萃取剂的可行性。结果表明,用甲苯完全可以代替苯。     

以南疆为例的区域暴恐袭击风险评估

为探寻暴恐袭击高风险区域,推进公共安全精细化管理,以南疆地区为例,采用网格化社会经济数据、遥感数据和兴趣点(POI)数据等多源地理空间数据,从暴恐分子出现可能性、暴恐袭击目标选择偏好和暴恐袭击后果3个方面建立暴恐袭击风险评估指标体系,根据层次分析法(AHP)-Entropy、聚类分区等确定地理空间指标权重,最终得到南疆地区30″×30″(约1 km×1 km)细粒度的暴恐袭击风险的空间分布情况。结果表明:南疆地区的暴恐袭击高风险以上网格主要位于喀什、和田及阿克苏地区的部分市区和县城,与暴恐袭击历史事件的分布较一致,证明风险评估指标体系的合理性和可行性。     

Safety performance measurement in collectivized oil companies in China: Contribution of leading indicators to lagging indicators

With the collectivization of the Chinese oil industry, oil companies have been expanding in size. However, the intensified differences in the safety performance of subsidiaries have severely hindered the collaborative management of the headquarters. Understanding the safety status of each member is urgent for parent companies and their subsidiaries to identify gaps and make improvements. A unified set of safety performance indicators and a practical measurement tool are essential for the Chinese oil industry. Hence, this study identified a set of safety performance indicators encompassing both leading and lagging indicators using data envelopment analysis (DEA) and entropy weight method (EWM) to reveal the critical factors affecting the safety performance of the oil industry. A total of 300 front-line workers from eight subsidiaries of an oil company participated in the survey. The identified indicators were preliminarily weighted using EWM. Then, DEA was employed to measure the safety performance of the eight subsidiaries, demonstrating that management commitment was the most crucial factor in distinguishing safety performance; safety culture was more differentiated than risk management. Safety performance was not entirely positively correlated with safety investments, but the reasonable allocation of safety resources played a vital role. In addition, the weaknesses in each subsidiary's safety management were identified, and the quantitative effects of each leading indicator on safety performance were obtained.     

基于云模型和TODIM的应急预案评估方法研究*

为提高应急预案评估的科学性，提出基于云模型和TODIM法的应急预案评估新方法,利用云模型表征语言评估信息，通过得分函数处理云值，提出基于云值的主客观权重计算方法，以弥补单一赋权法求解评估指标权重的不足；基于云模型和TODIM法对候选应急预案进行优劣排序，并验证本文方法的可行性和有效性。研究结果表明:基于云模型和TODIM法的应急预案评估新方法计算出的数值结果合理、准确，研究结果可为相关部门提高应急管理能力提供借鉴。