基于ARCGIS的长株潭城市群核心区环境容量评价

区域环境容量评价与分析是区域合理开发和布局的重要依据。在ARCGIS技术的支持下,首先对长株潭城市群核心区大气、水和土壤环境容量分别进行评价与分析,形成等级图,然后,进行各因素空间叠加,经综合分析与评价,将核心区划分为5个区域：优良区、合理区、饱和区、超饱和区、过度饱和区,并且还提出了相应的建议与对策。其主旨是为促进该区域空间科学开发与布局、生态环境的合理保护,对规范长株潭城市群“两型社会”建设理性发展具有非常重要的意义,并提供参考依据     

加拿大海盆与楚科奇海柱状沉积物中硫酸盐还原菌的分布状况

对取自北极楚科奇海及加拿大海盆的10个沉积物岩芯分别在4℃、25℃培养温度下进行硫酸盐还原菌(SRB)分析,结合首次北极科考海洋沉积物SRB的研究成果,探讨了研究区SRB的分布特点.研究结果表明,4℃与25℃温度培养的SRB含量均为0～2.4 ×106个·g-1(湿样);4℃时SRB的检出率与平均含量分别为45.5%和2.06×104个·g-1(湿样),25℃培养条件下分别为73.7%和4.70×104个·g-1(湿样);柱状沉积物中SRB的检出率、含量范围、平均含量都明显高于表层沉积物中SRB的相关指标;岩芯中SRB含量分布与采样点的纬度、深度有一定关系,但这种关系不如表层沉积物中SRB分布表现的那么明显;4℃培养时,各层位SRB含量的平均值范围为51～1.2×106个·g-1(湿样),25℃时为2.04×102～2.47×105个·g-1(湿样);在所研究的深度范围内,4℃时培养SRB的垂直变化较为明显,而25℃时SRB的垂直变化相对缓和;根据4℃、25℃2个不同培养温度时SRB的检出率、含量对比看,似乎25℃时更有利于某些SRB的繁衍.     

关于环境监测站在事业单位改革浪潮中转型发展的思考

根据事业单位分类改革政策,环境监测站属于公益性二类事业单位.通过分析监测站目前运行过程中存在的问题和面临的形势,提出了包括增强服务意识、提升综合素质、推进内部机制改革、参与市场竞争与合作等一系列实现转型发展的对策.     

INSTITUTIONS AND TECHNOLOGY: KEYS TO BETTER WATER MANAGEMENT1

Seven considerations which bear upon the achievement of better water management are discussed. First, separation of judgments of fact from judgements of value is helpful in deciding upon what actions to take. Second, separation of social values from matters of individual or group interest is crucial to institutional design. Third, achieving economically efficient water management may create a surplus of benefits which can be divided among the parties in order to resolve conflicts. Fourth, surpluses also can be used inappropriately, whether to reward undesirable behavior or to penalize unjustly. Fifth, avoidance of external costs is best achieved through restructuring of rewards and penalties. Sixth, technological solutions are too easily selected in place of less costly institutional change. Seventh, water management technology is too often selected in place of more cost-effective, water-related technology. Selected examples of each of these considerations are offered. However, better water management is not easy to define. The social process criterion adopted in this paper is discussed briefly.     

Designing Systematic Conservation Assessments that Promote Effective Implementation: Best Practice from South Africa

Abstract:  Systematic conservation assessment and conservation planning are two distinct fields of conservation science often confused as one and the same. Systematic conservation assessment is the technical, often computer-based, identification of priority areas for conservation. Conservation planning is composed of a systematic conservation assessment coupled with processes for development of an implementation strategy and stakeholder collaboration. The peer-reviewed conservation biology literature abounds with studies analyzing the performance of assessments (e.g., area-selection techniques). This information alone, however, can never deliver effective conservation action; it informs conservation planning. Examples of how to translate systematic assessment outputs into knowledge and then use them for "doing" conservation are rare. South Africa has received generous international and domestic funding for regional conservation planning since the mid-1990s. We reviewed eight South African conservation planning processes and identified key ingredients of best practice for undertaking systematic conservation assessments in a way that facilitates implementing conservation action. These key ingredients include the design of conservation planning processes, skills for conservation assessment teams, collaboration with stakeholders, and interpretation and mainstreaming of products (e.g., maps) for stakeholders. Social learning institutions are critical to the successful operationalization of assessments within broader conservation planning processes and should include not only conservation planners but also diverse interest groups, including rural landowners, politicians, and government employees.     

The Effect of Fragment Shape and Species' Sensitivity to Habitat Edges on Animal Population Size

Abstract:  Habitat fragmentation causes extinction of local animal populations by decreasing the amount of viable "core" habitat area and increasing edge effects. It is widely accepted that larger fragments make better nature reserves because core-dwelling species have a larger amount of suitable habitat. Nevertheless, fragments in real landscapes have complex, irregular shapes. We modeled the population sizes of species that have a representative range of preferences for or aversions to habitat edges at five spatial scales (within 10, 32, 100, 320, and 1000 m of an edge) in a nation-wide analysis of forest remnants in New Zealand. We hypothesized that the irregular shapes of fragments in real landscapes should generate statistically significant correlations between population density and fragment area, purely as a "geometric" effect of varying species responses to the distribution of edge habitat. Irregularly shaped fragments consistently reduced the population size of core-dwelling species by 10–100%, depending on the scale over which species responded to habitat edges. Moreover, core populations within individual fragments were spatially discontinuous, containing multiple, disjunct populations that inhabited small spatial areas and had reduced population size. The geometric effect was highly nonlinear and depended on the range of fragment sizes sampled and the scale at which species responded to habitat edges. Fragment shape played a strong role in determining population size in fragmented landscapes; thus, habitat restoration efforts may be more effective if they focus on connecting disjunct cores rather than isolated fragments.     

摩托车发动机活塞浇注模设计

根据实际生产的需要对摩托车发动机活塞的成形工艺进行分析 ,从而确定合理的浇注方案 ,然后详细地阐述活塞浇注模结构设计和工作原理 ,并介绍了模具的抽芯过程和型芯的典型加工工艺     

福建省“尤德地体”的成矿特征和找矿远景

“尤德地体”位于闽中裂谷带南端 ,与紫金山金矿处于同一成矿带。在“尤德地体”中 ,目前已发现元古界麻源群变质岩和侏罗系长林组、南园组 ,火山岩中均存在韧性剪切带型矿床和热液交代充填矿床。区域构造、地层含矿性、物化探重砂异常等表明其找矿前景很好。找矿工作重点应紧扣层控矿床 ,大断裂带 ,斑岩型金矿和红土型金矿     

Climate adaptation management and institutional erosion: insights from a major Canadian port

This paper performs an institutional analysis of the adaptation to climate change by ports, through a case study of the port of Vancouver, Canada. While previous literature has demonstrated the value of informal institutions for filling gaps left by formal institutions, the role of failed informal institutions has received less attention. Our analysis reveals how, in the case of an unprecedented challenge like climate adaptation, relying on informal institutions with less agency can actually erode the strength of existing institutions in a form of negative institutional plasticity. In this case, emerging polycentric governance was unsuccessful, unable to construct clearly demarcated responsibilities due to impedance by the path dependence of the current federalist system. The latter works well for traditional infrastructure investments with a closed pool of stakeholders, but not for ports where multiple scales of embeddedness, both horizontally and vertically, produce a collective action problem with no mechanism for resolution.     

荧光灯管芯柱玻璃中金属铅的机械化学硫化

以硫化钠为硫化剂,机械化学硫化荧光灯管芯柱玻璃中金属铅,实现金属铅向硫化铅快速转化.通过单因素实验,考察了不同机械化学硫化条件,即球磨时间、球磨转速和球料比对硫化率的影响,并通过XRD、SEM和粒度对硫化产物进行表征.结果表明,硫化率随球磨时间和球磨转速的增大而增大,随球料比的增大先增大后减小,当球磨转速为750r/min、球磨时间为120min、球料比为50：1g/g时,荧光灯管芯柱玻璃中金属铅的硫化率可达96.18%.XRD结果表明,荧光灯管芯柱玻璃中金属铅的机械化学硫化产物为PbS、SEM和粒度结果表明,荧光灯管芯柱玻璃的粒径随球磨转速和球磨时间的增加而减小.