西藏四江流域自然保护区规划设计研究

针对西藏四江流域自然保护区生态保护与经济的和谐发展,研究了相关影响因子模型,通过调整相关影响因子,就可以在土地利用图的基础上对四江流域自然保护区内核心区、缓冲区、发展区作一个合理的规划。     

光纤传导可见光降解亚甲基蓝

针对浓度大、色度高的印染废水难以处理的情况,选用加入光纤的光催化体系进行研究。采用溶胶凝胶法制备了Ag+/TiO2粉体光催化剂,用固体紫外可见光谱、X射线衍射对其进行表征。选用亚甲基蓝溶液作为目标降解物,评价了Ag+/TiO2在可见光下的光催化活性。分别考察了加入石英芯侧光光纤与塑料侧光光纤反应体系下,催化剂量、光纤数量、光照强度和pH值等因素对亚甲基蓝降解实验的影响。结果表明,选用20 mg/L的亚甲基蓝,采用催化剂量为11.67 g/L,500根侧光光纤,300 W的外部光源,pH值约为11时,光催化降解效果最佳,均能达到90%以上。     

对社会主义核心价值体系建设几个问题的探讨

从阐述相关基本概念入手,系统分析人类社会核心价值体系的嬗变历程和社会主义核心价值体系的科学内涵;阐述了建设社会主义核心价值体系的历史必然性,进而提出了弘扬和践行社会主义核心价值体系的方法和途径。     

Identification and Classification of Key Variables and their Role in Environmental Impact Assessment: Methodology and Software Package Intra

There is, as yet, no proven methodology to enable, objectively,the identification of key parameters out of a large number one normally encounters during any EIA. As EIA is a costly and time-consuming exercise, it is necessary to separate the man from the boys – so to speak – in order to optimize costs andefforts.In this paper a methodology for distinguishing the moreimportant parameters from the less important ones, developed byus, is described. The methodology aims at identifying andshortlisting the key parameters which ought to be studied in agiven EIA situation, thereby helping in reducing time, effort,and cost of EIA. With this methodology a system structure is developed whichgives hierarchical pattern of inter-parameter interaction, andreveals several distinguishing features of each parameter. Asoftware package INTRA (INTer-parameter Relationship Analysis)based on this methodology, has been developed. The paper alsodescribes a case study in which INTRA has been used to study theenvironmental impacts of urbanization of a typical third worldtown (Roorkee).     

Using structural equation modeling to investigate relationships among ecological variables

Structural equation modeling is an advanced multivariate statistical process with which a researcher can construct theoretical concepts, test their measurement reliability, hypothesize and test a theory about their relationships, take into account measurement errors, and consider both direct and indirect effects of variables on one another. Latent variables are theoretical concepts that unite phenomena under a single term, e.g., ecosystem health, environmental condition, and pollution (Bollen, 1989). Latent variables are not measured directly but can be expressed in terms of one or more directly measurable variables called indicators. For some researchers, defining, constructing, and examining the validity of latent variables may be the end task of itself. For others, testing hypothesized relationships of latent variables may be of interest. We analyzed the correlation matrix of eleven environmental variables from the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's (USEPA) Environmental Monitoring and Assessment Program for Estuaries (EMAP-E) using methods of structural equation modeling. We hypothesized and tested a conceptual model to characterize the interdependencies between four latent variables-sediment contamination, natural variability, biodiversity, and growth potential. In particular, we were interested in measuring the direct, indirect, and total effects of sediment contamination and natural variability on biodiversity and growth potential. The model fit the data well and accounted for 81% of the variability in biodiversity and 69% of the variability in growth potential. It revealed a positive total effect of natural variability on growth potential that otherwise would have been judged negative had we not considered indirect effects. That is, natural variability had a negative direct effect on growth potential of magnitude –0.3251 and a positive indirect effect mediated through biodiversity of magnitude 0.4509, yielding a net positive total effect of 0.1258. Natural variability had a positive direct effect on biodiversity of magnitude 0.5347 and a negative indirect effect mediated through growth potential of magnitude –0.1105 yielding a positive total effects of magnitude 0.4242. Sediment contamination had a negative direct effect on biodiversity of magnitude –0.1956 and a negative indirect effect on growth potential via biodiversity of magnitude –0.067. Biodiversity had a positive effect on growth potential of magnitude 0.8432, and growth potential had a positive effect on biodiversity of magnitude 0.3398. The correlation between biodiversity and growth potential was estimated at 0.7658 and that between sediment contamination and natural variability at –0.3769.     

甬台温走廊城市布局研究

走廊城市是一种新兴的城市群空间发展策略,是城市走廊在经济全球化和知识经济背景下的新发展。走廊城市不仅强调空间形态上的线状发展特征,而且更加强调城市群交流的效率以及经济发展模式和城市功能的整合。首先对走廊城市的概念和发展阶段进行了概述,并分析了建设甬台温走廊城市的区域背景和可能性;探讨了甬台温区域核心城市宁波、舟山、温州和台州的城市功能营造,提出建设以高速城际交通、沿海大通道以及港口集疏运系统为主体的甬台温交通走廊,寻求有效推动经济低谷地带迅速崛起的特色发展模式,从而构建甬台温走廊城市的布局;最后提出了甬台温走廊城市中心城市和都市区功能整合的相关对策和策略。     

火灾下空心混凝土楼板内温度场分析模型及算法

计算火灾下空心混凝土楼板内温度场的关键是计算空腔内的热量传递。假设火灾过程中空腔内气体压力为常数,空气流动引起的热量损失忽略不计,空腔内的热量传递通过壁面辐射和空气传导实现。基于奥本海姆网络法,本文提出了计算空心混凝土楼板空腔内辐射热流的算法,推导了矩阵形式的空腔内有效辐射方程,考虑到系数矩阵的对称性,采用LDLT分解法求解有效辐射方程。利用空腔边界上的有效辐射热流,计算空腔边界上单元的温度节点荷载。这种方法已经嵌入作者开发的温度场分析软件TFIELD之中,用TFIELD对底面按ISO834曲线进行加热的空心混凝土楼板进行计算,结果表明,本文算法十分有效,对研究空心混凝土楼板的抗火性能具有积极意义。     

论小城镇核心竞争力的构建和提升

小城镇作为中国城镇化进程的重要组成部分,对于我国城镇发展的作用举足轻重.研究我国小城镇的核心竞争力问题,有助于加深对小城镇经济发展的认识,帮助政府部门从更高的层次制定小城镇经济发展战略.本文界定了小城镇核心竞争力的概念,探讨了培育和提升小城镇经济核心竞争力的重要意义,并从自然环境、人文环境、基础设施、软件环境、创新能力及产业集群等方面对小城镇核心竞争力的构成进行分析;针对小城镇核心竞争力的构建和提升,提出了优化小城镇发展环境,完善小城镇创新体系,增强小城镇产业集群的发展等建议;得出了发展小城镇经济的关键是要增强其竞争力,而要保持小城镇经济持续的竞争优势,关键在于小城镇经济核心竞争力的培育和提升的结论,为促进我国小城镇经济的持续、快速发展及核心竞争力的构建与提升提供参考和借鉴.     

淀山湖浮游植物叶绿素a粒径组成及其与水质因子相关性

于2005年6月至2006年5月对淀山湖小型(20～200μm)、微型(2～20μm)和微微型(<2μm)浮游植物叶绿素a和水质因子进行逐月调查研究。结果表明:小型和微型浮游植物是淀山湖水体年均叶绿素a的主要贡献者,二者贡献率之和为74.79%。淀山湖叶绿素a粒径组成百分比的季节变动与水体浮游植物群落结构季节演替密切相关:小型浮游植物叶绿素a浓度所占百分比春季最高,而微型、微微型的则分别在秋、冬季最高。相关性分析显示,小型、微型浮游植物叶绿素a浓度百分比与NH3-N含量分别呈显著正、负相关,微微型浮游植物叶绿素a百分比与BOD5呈极显著负相关。对应滤食性鱼类等水生动物的食性粒级,探讨了运用非经典生物操纵技术防治淀山湖富营养化的可行性。     

Heavy metal pollution in tidal zones of Bohai Bay using the dated sediment cores

Three sediment cores were collected in November 2003 from Dagu estuary to Qikou estuary. The main polluted heavy metals in the sediment of tidal zones for the Bohai Bay have been found by analyzing the relationship among the contents of heavy metals, the contents of geochemical elements （Fe, AI and Mn） and the size of grain. The dominating contaminative elements in tidal sediments of Bohai Bay are Pb, Zn and Cd. Their contents are higher than the corresponding upper limit of environmental background values and they have very faint correlation with the corresponding contents of geochemical elements and the size of grain, indicating the anthropogenic enrichment. Especially, the preliminary study on the pollution sources and the history of heavy metals in the Dagu estuary has been done using the dated results. The contamination by Zn and Cd also started in the middle 1950s, while the contamination by Pb appeared in the early 1940s. The pollution by Zn and Cd mainly originate from sewage discharge, while the pollution by Pb has many sources, like atmosphere deposition and industrial discharRe.