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排序方式: 共有304条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
61.
采用高效液相色谱(HPLC)分离水中两种常见的砷形态As(III)、As(V),电感耦合等离子体质谱系统进行检测鉴定,利用C8色谱柱,探讨了甲醇含量、磷酸二氢钾浓度、四丁基氢氧化铵浓度、p H等测试条件,由此建立了水中砷形态的分析方法。结果表明,以1.5 mmol/L磷酸二氢钾、2 mmol/L四丁基氢氧化铵(TBAOH)、5%甲醇作为流动相,调节流动相为p H 5.5,流速为1.4 m L/min,上述两种不同形态的砷可在5.5 min内得以有效分离,As(III)、As(V)检出限分别为0.001、0.01μg/L,定量下限分别为0.005、0.03μg/L。该方法实现了对水中常见的不同形态砷(As(III)、As(V))的同时分析,具有灵敏度高、选择性好、检测速度快的特点,在水质分析领域具有重要意义与应用价值。 相似文献
62.
An automated method for the indirect determination of fluoride by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry using discontinuous-flow analysis has been developed. A modified flow injection analysis system was used for sample preparation. The method is based on the determination of excess cerium(III) ion after precipitation of CeF3. Separation of the precipitate is performed online on a syringe membrane filter that is cleaned each analysis cycle by 1 M nitric acid, ensuring a long life-time for the filter. As a result of the short reaction time, a detection limit of 9.5 mg L?1 was obtained. The precision (RSD) of the proposed method is 1.02% at fluoride concentration of 28 mg L?1. The applicability of the technique for groundwater monitoring of fluoride-contaminated area is demonstrated. 相似文献
63.
为了揭示气温变化对西南山区流域森林水文效应的影响,用生物物理/动态植被模型SSiB4/TRIFFID与流域地形指数水文模型TOPMODEL的耦合模型SSiB4T/TRIFFID模拟了西南山区长江上游梭磨河流域森林水文效应对气温变化的响应,分析了气温变化对植被不同演替阶段的流域总径流和总蒸发以及冠层截流蒸发、植被蒸腾和土壤蒸发的影响。结果表明,(1)梭磨河流域森林(常绿针叶林)蒸腾与草和灌木差异小,森林蒸腾潜热比草和灌木仅高1~4 W.m-2,森林冠层截留蒸发高于草和灌木,但土壤蒸发明显低于草和灌木覆盖,森林覆盖流域总蒸发低于草和灌木覆盖甚至低于裸土蒸发,因此增加了流域总径流量,但森林增加径流的作用随土壤蒸发的减小而减小。(2)气温减小1℃将通过减小森林冠层截留蒸发和蒸腾而使森林增加流域总径流量的作用增加;相反,气温增加将增加森林冠层截留蒸发和蒸腾而使森林增加总径流量的作用减小。(3)当温度增加4℃,由于森林总蒸发较草和灌木明显增加,对于较高的土壤蒸发,森林增加总径流量的作用已不明显;对于较低的土壤蒸发,森林减小了流域总径流量。 相似文献
64.
黄土旱塬24 a不同秸秆还田土壤碳、氮、磷和胞外酶计量特征 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
探索黄土旱塬区农田土壤碳、氮和磷生物地球化学循环特征,可为农作物高效生产和土地可持续利用提供科学依据和技术支撑.以山西寿阳24 a玉米旱作试验田为对象,研究长期秸秆覆盖还田、直接还田、过腹还田和不还田对土壤元素和胞外酶活性化学计量比的影响,并计算向量角度和长度用于指示微生物面临的资源限制情况,向量角大于45°和小于45°分别表示微生物受磷限制和氮限制,偏离45°越大表示限制程度越大,向量长度越长表示微生物受碳限制越严重.结果表明:(1)长期秸秆还田土壤C/N和C/P分布在9.81~14.28和14.58~21.92之间,均值分别为12.36和17.51,分别较试验初期降低了6.0%和4.2%;土壤N/P分布在1.27~1.57之间,均值为1.42,较初期提高了2.2%.土壤C/N和C/P均呈现出先降低后升高的变化趋势,土壤N/P基本呈现出持平趋势,且不同秸秆还田处理之间土壤元素计量比均无显著性差异.(2)相比24 a长期不还田处理,长期秸秆覆盖还田处理土壤β-1,4-葡萄糖苷酶(BG)和β-1,4-N-乙酰葡糖氨糖苷酶(NAG)活性显著提高了134.4%和107.5%(P<0.0... 相似文献
65.
Time constraints and multiple choice criteria in the sampling behaviour and mate choice of the fiddler crab,Uca annulipes 总被引:9,自引:0,他引:9
Active female sampling occurs in the fiddler crab Uca annulipes. Females sample the burrows of several males before remaining to mate in the burrow of the chosen partner. Females time larval
release to coincide with the following nocturnal spring tide and must therefore leave sufficient time for embryonic development
after mating. Here we show how this temporal constraint on search time affects female choosiness. We found that, at the start
of the sampling period (when time constraints are minimal), females selectively sample the larger males in the population.
Towards the end of the sampling period (when the temporal constraints increase the costs of sampling), females are less selective.
Furthermore, we suggest that the number of males sampled (and other indices of ‘‘sampling effort’’) may not be reliable indicators
of female choosiness and may not reflect the strength of female mating preferences under certain conditions. Burrow quality
also emerged as an important criterion in final mate choice. Burrow structure potentially influences reproductive success,
and mate acceptance based on burrow structure appears to involve a relatively invariant threshold criterion. Since there is
no relationship between male size and burrow quality, females are using at least two independent criteria when choosing potential
mates. We envisage mate choice as a two-stage process. First, females select which males to sample based on male size. They
then decide whether or not to mate with a male based on burrow features. This sampling process explains how two unrelated
variables can both predict male mating success.
Received: 23 March 1995/Accepted after revision: 14 January 1996 相似文献
66.
Arthur Jeffrey L. Hachey Mark Sahr Kevin Huso Manuela Kiester A. R. 《Environmental and Ecological Statistics》1997,4(2):153-165
The problem of selecting nature reserves has received increased attention in the literature during the past decade, and a variety of approaches have been promoted for selecting those sites to include in a reserve network. One set of techniques employs heuristic algorithms and thus provides possibly sub-optimal solutions. Another set of models and accompanying algorithms uses an integer programming formulation of the problem, resulting in an optimization problem known as the Maximal Covering Problem, or MCP. Solution of the MCP provides an optimal solution to the reserve site selection problem, and while various algorithms can be employed for solving the MCP they all suffer from the disadvantage of providing a single optimal solution dictating the selection of areas for conservation. In order to provide complete information to decision makers, the determination of all alternate optimal solutions is necessary. This paper explores two procedures for finding all such solutions. We describe the formulation and motivation of each method. A computational analysis on a data set describing native terrestrial vertebrates in the state of Oregon illustrates the effectiveness of each approach. 相似文献
67.
Tamara Fraizer 《Behavioral ecology and sociobiology》1997,41(6):423-434
I develop a state-based dynamic model of behavior to demonstrate that size-dependent differences in temperature tolerances
are not necessary to account for the activity of small male digger wasps late in the day. In the model, males defend or patrol
the nesting area, wait near nests, or feed away from the nesting area depending on time of day, energy reserves and size rank.
I assume a large male competitive advantage, so mating opportunities decrease with size rank for territorial or patrolling
males and are rare for all waiting males; the costs of patrolling or defense are higher than the costs of waiting. If energy
reserves of all males are initially small, all males alternate feeding and territorial or patrolling behavior. If energy reserves
are initially large, large males patrol or maintain territories until they risk starvation and leave the area to feed. At
this time, smaller males that have conserved their resources by waiting and feeding may defend territories or patrol. I simulate
the behavior of three populations representing two species of Microbembex by assuming large initial energy reserves for populations in which males were territorial and small initial reserves for
populations in which males patrolled, and then convert the predicted time of activity to temperature using local regressions
from field studies. Temporal patterns in the activity of large and small males were similar to those actually observed, and
relationships between size and temperature predicted by the model corresponded to most observations and were sometimes positive.
Thus, the delayed activity of smaller males does not correspond to activity at higher temperatures and is probably not attributable
to size-dependent thermal tolerances, but may represent a temporal displacement of mating activity due to intra-sexual competition
and mediated by energetics. The model makes testable predictions on the timing of feeding and depletion of energy reserves
in relation to size and initial energy state, and suggests how differences among species may influence the temporal and spatial
organization of male mating behavior.
Received: 27 February 1997 / Accepted after revision: 26 July 1997 相似文献
68.
以某城际铁路下穿埋地燃气管道工程为例,应用车辆-轨道耦合动力学理论建立了车辆-轨道垂向耦合动力学模型,计算了250 km/h行车速度下的钢轨扣件支点反力;利用ANSYS建立了包括轨道、隧道结构、土体和燃气管道的三维有限元模型,以钢轨扣件反力为输入荷载,分析了列车运营条件下燃气管道的振动响应特性,并分析了会车对燃气管道振动响应特性的影响。结果表明,当列车单向运营速度为250 km/h时,燃气管道的最大振动加速度为1.175×10~(-3)m/s~2。如果在管道下方会车,列车运行振动对埋地燃气管道的影响范围显著增大,振动位移幅值和加速度幅值增幅分别为85.2%和75.8%,最大位移为2.21×10-5m,最大振动加速度为2.12×10~(-3)m/s~2。根据预测计算结果判断,本工程列车单向运营引起的埋地燃气管道的振动烈度小于I度,会车时振动烈度略大于I度。 相似文献
69.
从临界力的角度入手分析花键半轴在挤压成形时的稳定性及失稳后可增加约束的计算,研究表明半轴花键实现精密挤压成形不稳定时可增加约束来解决失稳问题。 相似文献
70.
建立了电感耦合等离子体质谱(ICP-MS)法测定SCR脱硝尿素中Na、Mg、Al、P、K、Ca、Cr、Fe、Ni、Cu、Zn、Pb等12种微量元素的分析方法.通过向碰撞/反应池(CRC)系统中引入氦气消除多原子离子质谱干扰,采用混合内标元素45Sc、89Y、209Bi消除基体效应.结果表明,各元素在一定范围内线性关系良好,方法的检出限为0.2~23.6 ng/L,样品的加标回收率在89.6%~108.4%之间,RSD在1.6%~3.8%之间.方法能准确测定SCR脱硝尿素中的多个微量元素,可用于SCR脱硝尿素的质量控制和安全评价. 相似文献