湖南品牌战略的现状与对策刍论

湖南省许多企业由于仍然受计划经济体制的阴影笼罩，缺乏竞争观念，品牌意识淡薄，导致品牌难上档次，知名品牌缺少．因此，必须整合湖南品牌战略、实施企业形象战略、培育品牌文化战略和实施品牌战略．     

论园林树木栽培学(各论)的精讲教学法

园林树木栽培学是一门实践性很强的有关园林绿化领域的专业课、必修课.1995年以来,本人在园林树木栽培学各论教学中尝试重点讲解、课堂点评的教学方法,取得了较好的教学效果.     

降解丙烯酰胺的活性污泥培养及驯化研究

采用阶梯式驯化法,控制温度在18℃～24℃,pH在6—8,溶解氧在4—8mg／L,在容积为6L的驯化器中对活性污泥进行培养驯化。经过25d的培养之后,得到了稳定降解丙烯酰胺的活性污泥。驯化后的活性污泥SVI为85—132,COD去除率达70％。     

浅谈环境监测中的科技创新和人才建设

介绍了环境监测中科技创新的应用,包括现代化监测设备的发展和监测新技术新方法的研究开发;对如何建立和完善高素质的监测人才体系进行了分析探讨。     

糖蜜废液培养微生物絮凝剂及絮凝特性研究

糖蜜废液含有大量的糖类和氨基酸等营养物质,当糖蜜废液被稀释50倍,初始pH调至5.0,接入絮凝剂产生菌HHE-P7,在150r/min、30℃摇床培养,3d后可得到絮凝性物质。絮凝物质中95%的活性成分存在于糖蜜培养液的上清液中;高岭土悬浊液的pH、絮凝剂投加量以及Ca2+的添加量都对絮凝效果有影响。     

生草栽培对三种岭南水果种植系统的生态经济影响评价

综合运用能值、经济与土壤生态学分析方法,以传统清耕模式为对照,定量研究了生草栽培对荔枝(Litchi chinensis Sonn)、龙眼(Dimocarpus longan Lour)和番荔枝(Annona squamosa Linn)三种岭南水果种植系统的生态经济影响。整合系统物质流、能量流和货币流,综合分析其自然资源基础、经济发展状况及可持续发展程度,并将土壤有机质的消耗纳入不可更新自然资源能值投入分析,为岭南水果业生草栽培与否提供科学依据。结果表明,生草栽培可以将荔枝和龙眼种植系统的能值可持续性从传统清耕模式的0.16和0.46分别提升到0.17和0.47;而使番荔枝种植系统的能值可持续性从传统清耕模式的0.59降至0.45。同时,生草栽培可提高荔枝和番荔枝种植系统的经济效益,而降低龙眼种植系统的经济效益。所有案例结果均表明,生草栽培可降低果园土壤有机质的消耗。     

水作和旱作对叶菜吸收镉的影响差异研究

采用盆栽试验,以适宜水旱2种模式栽培的空心菜（Ipomoea aquatica）为对象,研究了水作和旱作两种栽培模式对Cd污染土壤上空心菜吸收积累Cd的差异及其影响因素。结果表明,水作和旱作对空心菜生物量和Cd质量分数影响显著。水作条件下,空心菜地上部和根系生物量分别比旱作处理增加了16.3%和190.6%,而地上部和根系Cd质量分数则较旱作处理降低了52.2%和49.3%。水作和旱作对土壤pH和DTPA-Cd质量分数也有不同影响,其中种植空心菜的处理土壤pH较旱作处理增加了0.99个单位,土壤DTPA-Cd质量分数降低了40.0%,不种空心菜的处理土壤pH较旱作处理增加了1.48个单位,土壤DTPA-Cd质量分数降低了30.4%。逐步回归分析发现,空心菜地上部Cd质量分数受土壤DTPA-Cd质量分数和土壤pH影响最大。因此,在Cd污染土壤上,通过旱作改水作可降低空心菜可食部分Cd质量分数,是一种环境友好、价格低廉的土壤重金属污染的调控措施。     

Mycelial culture of wild Inonotus hispidus parasitizing the jujube tree and the cultivation conditions of its fruit body on rice medium北大核心CSCD

Inonotus hispidus is a kind of rare medicinal fungus, and its natural resources are very scarce. Currently, the artificial cultivation technology of I. hispidus is not completely developed, and this reflects on its extremely low biological conversion rate and long cultivation period. In order to improve the bioconversion rate and shorten the production cycle of I. hispidus, we first analyzed the mycelia culture conditions of the collected I. hispidus, and then we further explore the method of domesticated cultivation of its fruiting body in rice medium. During the process of mycelial culture, the suitable temperature, pH, carbon source, and nitrogen source for mycelial growth were selected using the mycelial growth rate as index. During the domesticated cultivation of the fruiting body, the suitable culture medium for its growth was selected using the bioconversion rate as index. Screening results of mycelial culture conditions showed that the optimal culture conditions for the growth of mycelium of the wild I. hispidus were: temperature of 25 °C, initial pH of 6.0, glucose as the carbon source, and yeast extract powder as the source of nitrogen. The results of the domesticated cultivation showed that the biotransformation rate of I. hispidus was higher when using rice as the main medium substrate. The optimal cultivation conditions were: a 0.2% yeast extract content in the nutrient solution, a 1:1.6 ratio of rice to nutrient solution, and a 4 mL inoculum of the liquid strain. Under these conditions, it took about 4 days for the mycelium to grow over the cultivation medium. The time required for the differentiation of the primordium to form fruit bodies was about 20 days, and the bioconversion rate reached 28.70% ± 5.05%. The results of this study indicate the feasibility of using rice as the main substrate for the cultivation of I. hispidus, and it also provide new insights for the finding of new cultivation substrates for other rare medicinal fungi. © 2018 Science Press. All rights reserved.     

菜园土壤的理化性质和微生物生态特征与种植年限的关系

为了研究菜园土壤生态系统的演化，在广州白云区采集共计64个不同种植年限的菜园土壤样本。对土壤丰要物理化学性质和土壤微生物生态特征进行分析，结果表明：土壤粘粒和微网粒含量、土壤全磷、全钾的含量随菜园土的种植年限而增加；呼吸商则随年限升高，土壤细菌／真菌、放线菌／真菌亦有升高的趋势，而微生物碳氮比、土壤微生物商、微生物氮／全氮随年限降低；种植10a左右菜园土壤的Shannon多样性指数和AWCD值最低，40a土壤最高，80a以上土壤的微生物多样性指标有所降低，表明种植80a后的老菜园土壤微生物生态系统有退化的迹象。     

Changes of Soil Microbiological Properties Caused by Land Use Changing From Rice–Wheat Rotation to Vegetable Cultivation

A survey was done recently in Jiaxing city of Zhejiang Province in the Yangtze River Delta to compare the differences of soil microbiological properties among paddy soils with different land use including continuous open-field vegetable cultivation (OFVC), plastic-greenhouse vegetable cultivation (PGVC) and traditional rice–wheat rotation (RWR). The soil types included are percolating, permeable and waterlogged paddy soils. The results indicate that the microbial flora was markedly changed as the land use changed for all the three soil types. In continuous vegetable cultivation soils, especially in PGVC soils, the bacteria amounts decreased dramatically, but the fungal and actinomyce amounts increased as compared with RWR soils. The dehydrogenase activities decreased significantly in vegetable soils, especially in PGVC soils as compared with RWR soils. The microbial biomass C and the total phospholipid contents (TPL) in vegetable cultivation soil greatly decreased as compared with RWR soils. Biolog analysis indicated that the kinds of carbon sources that could be metabolized by native microbes in PGVC soils greatly decreased as compared with OFVC soils and RWR soils, revealing that microbial diversity had decreased since land use change. The activities of some soil enzymes including urease, invertase and phosphase were all lower in OFVC soils than those in RWR soils, and those in PGVC soils were the lowest. The degradation of microbiological activities in continuous vegetable cultivation soils, especially in PGVC soils, as compared with RWR soils might have been caused by soil acidification and accumulation of salts due to overuse of both organic and inorganic fertilizers in vegetable cultivation.