HKB—1型磁化率仪研制及计算机联机的实现

本文介绍了一种新研制的磁化率仪,它可测定自然界中大多数物质(良导体除外)的初始磁化率,特别适合于岩石的磁化率及其各向异性(AMS)测量。仪器工作磁场300A/m,频率920Hz,样机总磁化率测量灵敏度达到 2×10~(-12)m~3,读数采用数字显示方式并具有自动锁定功能。与计算机的联机采用了标准EIARS-232C串行接口,因此具有良好的通用性。在软件的控制下,计算机可自动完成测量数据的采集、计算处理、座标转换以及成图或存贮等工作,AMS参数的测量效率得到很大提高。     

区域层面温室气体清单不确定性量化研究

基于《IPCC国家温室气体清单优良做法指南和不确定性管理》中不确定性分析的理论和方法,以编制包括省级、地市级在内的区域层面温室气体清单为背景,就不确定性分析的难点、来源和组成进行分析,并通过实例研究对适用于区域层面温室气体清单的不确定性量化方法进行说明,进而提升不确定性分析的可操作性和透明性,为完善温室气体清单提供有价值的参考。     

Impact of bias in predicted height on tree volume estimation: A case-study of intrinsic nonlinearity

Bias originating from intrinsic nonlinearity in nonlinear models is caused by excess curvature in the solution locus of parameter estimates derived from least squares procedures. Bias due to intrinsic nonlinearity varies according to sample size as well as model specification. This paper analyses consequences of fractionising data into smaller sub-samples. Based on measurements of stem diameter and total tree height from the first Danish national forest inventory, it is demonstrated how data splitting at random may cause the intrinsic nonlinear curvature to exceed the critical F-value. Application of a Taylor-series expansion shows that, for all practical purposes, the bias in predictions of individual tree volume (based on stem diameter and tree height) is negligible. To minimize residual variance, intrinsic curvature and, in turn, prediction bias, it is recommended that data be stratified according to site conditions, stand characteristics or other relevant criteria. Finally, the preferred model should exhibit close-to-linear behaviour.     

Modelling the forest carbon budget of a Mediterranean region through the integration of ground and satellite data

This paper introduces an innovative modelling strategy aimed at simulating the main terms of net forest carbon budget (net primary production, NPP and net ecosystem exchange, NEE) in Tuscany (Central Italy). The strategy is based on the preliminary calibration and application of parametric and bio-geochemical models (C-Fix and BIOME-BGC, respectively), which simulate the behaviour of forest ecosystems close to equilibrium condition (climax). Next, the ratio of actual over-potential tree volume is computed as an indicator of ecosystem distance from climax and is combined with the model outputs to estimate the NPP and NEE of real forests. The per-pixel application of the new modelling strategy was made possible by the collection of several data layers (maps of forest type and volume, daily meteorological data and monthly normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) images for the years 1999–2003) which served to characterize the eco-climatic and forest features of the region. The obtained estimates of forest NPP and NEE were evaluated against ground measurements of accumulated woody biomass and net carbon exchange. The results of these experiments testify the good potential of the proposed strategy and indicate some problem areas which should be the subject of future research.     

牛顿插值法在大气监测中的应用

本文将牛顿插值方法通过程序输入ＣＡＳＩＯｆｘ—４０００Ｐ计算器,应用到实际大气环境监测中,与实际监测结果作了对照,取得好的成果．该方法解决了基层监测站因特殊情况数据缺测的问题。     

污染源监督性监测数据元的构建研究

系统梳理了污染源监督性监测数据元的研究现状,提出了污染源监督性监测数据元的构建过程和体系指标,为制定污染源监督性监测数据元技术标准提供技术支持。通过污染源监督性监测数据元的构建,建立监测数据共享和应用的长效机制,实现污染源监督性监测信息的规范管理、交换与共享,为各级环保部门加强对污染源的监管和政府决策提供强有力的技术支持。     

瑞士土壤环境监测网络构建与运行对中国的启示

“十三五”期间,中国初步构建了国家土壤环境监测网并开展了监测工作。当前,国家层面土壤环境监测网络的构建和运行还处于起步阶段,笔者选取土壤环境监测开展较为成熟的瑞士土壤环境监测网(NABO)作为研究对象,综述了NABO的技术体系及多年来的土壤环境监测结果,并结合中国土壤环境监测工作现状进行讨论,认为NABO在监测网络建立、指标选取、数据分析等方面建立了较为成熟的技术体系,未来中国国家土壤环境监测网可在此方面借鉴瑞士经验。     

基于数据物流服务思想的流域水环境监测数据交换与集成技术

提出了面向流域水生态监控预警的水环境信息完整性管理理念,分析了多源、多手段采集的流域水环境监测数据的交换与集成技术需求,重点针对中国环境监测部门流域监测断面管理存在的不足,提出了目录管理架构.基于数据物流服务思想,利用微软BizTalk平台和XML技术设计了支持多源水环境数据接人、可灵活配置并监控的水监测数据交换平台原...     

岛津TNP-4110在线分析仪的日常维护

从数据比对、硬件维护两个方面探讨岛津TNP-4110在线仪的日常维护问题。通过分析各种干扰因素来查找造成数据比对差异的原因并提出相应解决措施。在仪器日常维护上设立不同周期保养计划、共享设备维护经验,结合实践制定了合适的检修流程图。     

基于精细化管理的环境物联网发展趋势

环境物联网运用智能传感器等设备感知生态环境的变化,监测环境质量、监控企业的排污行为,通过环境数据的采集、传输、处理、整合,辅助环境管理决策。近年来环境物联网得到长足发展,但现有的环境物联网体系无法满足多种任务和应用场景的需求,主要问题体现在数据质量和精准度缺乏保证,数据传输能力有限,数据共享还未打通,数据分析应用能力还有待提升。笔者系统分析了环境物联网感知层、传输层和应用层的现状与问题,较全面地研究了物联网与大数据技术的最新进展,提出了环境物联网的发展方向以解决上述问题,为实现精细化管理与科学决策提供科学参考。