基于排污许可证执行报告的“依证指数”构建方法研究

排污许可证执行报告是评价排污单位排污许可证实施情况的重要依据。执行报告以自行监测与台账记录信息为核心,涵盖排污单位污染治理与排放全过程的众多信息,但是目前尚缺少据此对排污许可执行情况进行综合评价的方法体系。采取常见的指数化方法,基于执行报告中的自行监测和台账记录等信息,构建排污许可证执行报告报送指数(A)、合规指数(R),结合监督检查校正系数(B),最终建立依证指数(I),依此对排污单位排污许可执行情况进行综合评价。对案例甲和案例乙两家火电企业2018年、2019年依证指数进行试算,所得结果可以较为全面地反映排污单位的执行情况,证明了该方法的可行性。建议以此方法为基础,对排污单位排污许可执行情况进行综合评价,以推动排污许可制的有效执行。     

The impact of a peer-led participatory health and safety training program for Latino day laborers in construction

Background

Immigrant Latino day laborers working in residential construction are at particularly high risk of fatal and non-fatal traumatic injury and benefit from targeted training.

Objective

To understand the impact of a participatory, peer-facilitated health and safety awareness training customized to the needs of Latino day laborers.

Methods

Baseline surveys exploring exposures, PPE use, attitudes, work practices and work-related injuries were collected from more than 300 New Jersey Latino day laborers in construction prior to their participation in a one day (minimum of six hour) Spanish language health and safety training class. The classes, led by trained worker trainers, engaged participants in a series of tasks requiring teamwork and active problem solving focused on applying safe practices to situations they encounter at their worksites. Follow-up surveys were difficult to obtain among mobile day laborers, and were collected from 70 men (22% response rate) 2-6 months following training. Chi-square analysis was used to compare pre- and post-intervention PPE use, self protective actions, and self-reported injury rates. Focus groups and in-depth interviews addressing similar issues provided a context for discussing the survey findings.

Results

At baseline, the majority of day laborers who participated in this study reported great concern about the hazards of their work and were receptive to learning about health and safety despite limited influence over employers. Changes from baseline to follow-up revealed statistically significant differences in the use of certain types of PPE (hard hats, work boots with steel toes, safety harnesses, and visible safety vests), and in the frequency of self-protective work practices (e.g., trying to find out more about job hazards on your own). There was also a suggestive decrease in self-reported injuries (receiving an injury at work serious enough that you had to stop working for the rest of the day) post-training based on small numbers. Sixty-six percent of workers surveyed post-training reported sharing information from their safety workbook with friends and co-workers. Focus groups and interview results generally confirmed the quantitative findings.

Conclusions

Participatory, peer led training tailored to the needs of construction day laborers may have a positive effect on Latino immigrant workers’ attitudes, work practices, and self reported injury rates, but major changes would require employer engagement.

Impact on Industry

Health and safety researchers have identified reducing the number of traumatic injuries among the immigrant construction workforce as an increasingly important priority. This project provides one model for collaboration between university-based researchers, a union, and a community-based organization. The specific elements of this project—participatory curriculum customized to the needs of day laborers in residential construction, training day laborers to facilitate training classes, and involving peer leaders in outreach and research—could be adapted by other organizations. The findings of this study suggest that the Latino day laborers have a strong interest in and some ability to act on health and safety information. Widespread implementation of this type of training, especially if supported with cooperation from residential contractors, could lead to reduced rates of traumatic injury in the residential construction industry.     

Effects of arsenic exposure during early postnatal period on Leydig cells of rat testis

The effects of sodium arsenite exposure from postnatal day (PND) 1 to PND 14 on Leydig cells of Wistar rat testes were investigated at PND 15 and 21. Gross morphometric observations of testes did not reveal a significant change in the numerical density and volume of the testes in exposed animals compared to controls either at PND 15 or 21. However, there was significant decrease in testicular weight at PND 21 in treated animals. Measurement of nuclear area of Leydig cells revealed a decrease in nuclear area of these cells in exposed groups at PND 15 and 21. A significant decrease in the total number of Leydig cells was apparent at PND 21 in the treated group. The observations of the present study are indicative of adverse effects on rat testes Leydig cells following exposure to low doses of sodium arsenite during critical window periods. The persistence of these observations at PND 21 is suggestive of irreversible damage to testicular tissue.     

基于ATG实报的空中颠簸预防管理系统设计

在对颠簸伤害事件原因分析的基础上,设计了基于ATG实报的空中颠簸预防管理系统,该系统设计主要包括:开发QAR计算EDR程序,通过EDR指标提高颠簸预报精度;开发颠簸管理平台,实现颠簸信息的有效传递;利用ATG技术使颠簸预报向颠簸实报提升,提高颠簸信息的实时性。该解决方案可实现空地高精度颠簸风险实时自动预警,有效降低颠簸伤害。     

超大城市昼夜交通事故严重程度致因对比分析——以深圳市为例

为研究夜间交通事故严重程度致因,基于深圳市3年3 244起交通事故数据,获取昼夜交通事故分布的时空特征;进一步选取交通事故集聚的南山区、福田区、罗湖区的1 798起交通事故,以交通事故严重程度为因变量,以事故原因、日期、事故形态等10个因素为候选自变量,构建广义有序Logit回归模型,对比分析昼夜不同严重程度交通事故的影响因素。结果表明:路口路段类型、疲劳驾驶、事故日期在夜间模型参数估计值分别为0.493,-0.363,-0.309,而在日间模型表现为不显著,道路路面材料在日间模型参数估计值为-0.232,而在夜间表现为不显著;事故原因、道路横断面渠化方式等因素在日间和夜间所引起交通事故的严重等级均存在较大差异。     

环境应急监测报告的一般要求和特点分析

通过总结环境应急监测工作的一般要求和实际经验,分析了不同应急工作的特点,将应急监测工作进行分类。对各类环境应急监测的特点、要求进行了分析。从主要内容、术语规范、表征方式等方面对各类应急监测报告技术进行了提炼与总结,针对应急监测报告的常见问题,提出了具体解决方案。     

提高中长期环境质量报告书编制水平的几点思考

针对中长期环境质量报告书编制中存在的系统性弱、可比性差、震撼力弱等问题,提出了运用系统论方法、改进思维方式、开展实用性研究等解决的途径与方法.     

对提高《五年环境质量报告书》编制质量的思考

从明确编写目的意义、规范编写内容与方法、解决好定位与导向 ,树立“精品”意识四个方面对提高《五年环境质量报告书》的编制质量问题进行了阐述     

Development of an Evaluation Methodology for Triple Bottom Line Reports Using International Standards on Reporting

The purpose of this article is twofold. First, evaluation scoring systems for triple bottom line (TBL) reports to date are examined and potential methodological weaknesses and problems are highlighted. In this context, a new assessment methodology is presented based explicitly on the most widely acknowledged standard on non-financial reporting worldwide, the Global Reporting Initiative (GRI) guidelines. The set of GRI topics and performance indicators was converted into scoring criteria while the generic scoring devise was set from 0 to 4 points. Secondly, the proposed benchmark tool was applied to the TBL reports published by Greek companies. Results reveal major gaps in reporting practices, stressing the need for the further development of internal systems and processes in order to collect essential non-financial performance data. A critical overview of the structure and rationale of the evaluation tool in conjunction with the Greek case study is discussed while recommendations for future research on the field of this relatively new form of reporting are suggested.     

建设项目竣工环境保护验收监测报告编写的几点体会

在建设项目竣工环境保护验收监测报告的编写及技术审核中,经常会出现验收报告中的水量统计等数据跟环评报告中的一样,污水处理设施各环节的监测数据缺乏逻辑性,数据的合理性经不起推敲等问题.验收监测报告,不能过度依赖环评数据,应根据现场核实的实际生产工艺制作水平衡图,由原辅材料用量、水量等数据的相关性获取真实数据,才能反映污染物的产生量等真实情况;应通过掌握设施的进、出水量,将设施各工序的实际处理效率与污水处理工艺的设计参数做比较,才能对设施的处理能力、处理效果作出准确的评价.才能保证验收监测报告的真实性、准确性.